TRACERT.exe Trace Route
Usage:
tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name
Options:
-d Do not resolve addresses to hostnames.
-h maximum_hops Maximum number of hops to search for target.
-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.
-w timeout Wait timeout milliseconds for each reply.
Here's an example which traces the route from some ISP in Los Angeles to the main server at UCLA in California ( note how two computers relatively close to each other may be routed way round about! ):
C:\WINDOWS>tracert www.ucla.edu
Tracing route to www.ucla.edu [169.232.33.129]
over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 141 ms 132 ms 140 ms wla-ca-pm6.icg.net [165.236.29.85]
2 134 ms 131 ms 139 ms whv-ca-gw1.icg.net [165.236.29.65]
3 157 ms 132 ms 143 ms f3-1-0.lai-ca-gw1.icg.net [165.236.24.89]
4 194 ms 193 ms 188 ms a0-0-0-1.dai-tx-gw1.icg.net [163.179.235.61]
5 300 ms 211 ms 214 ms a1-1-0-1.ati-ga-gw1.icg.net [163.179.235.186]
6 236 ms 237 ms 247 ms a5-0-0-1.was-dc-gw1.icg.net [163.179.235.129]
7 258 ms 236 ms 244 ms 163.179.243.205
8 231 ms 233 ms 230 ms wdc-brdr-03.inet.qwest.net [205.171.4.153]
9 240 ms 230 ms 236 ms wdc-core-03.inet.qwest.net [205.171.24.69]
10 262 ms 264 ms 263 ms hou-core-01.inet.qwest.net [205.171.5.187]
11 281 ms 263 ms 259 ms hou-core-03.inet.qwest.net [205.171.23.9]
12 272 ms 229 ms 222 ms lax-core-02.inet.qwest.net [205.171.5.163]
13 230 ms 217 ms 230 ms lax-edge-07.inet.qwest.net [205.171.19.58]
14 228 ms 219 ms 220 ms 63-145-160-42.cust.qwest.net [63.145.160.42]
15 218 ms 222 ms 218 ms ISI-7507--ISI.POS.calren2.net [198.32.248.21]
16 232 ms 222 ms 214 ms UCLA--ISI.POS.calren2.net [198.32.248.30]
17 234 ms 226 ms 226 ms cbn5-gsr.calren2.ucla.edu [169.232.1.18]
18 245 ms 227 ms 235 ms www.ucla.edu [169.232.33.129]
Trace complete.Note: Unless you're running a network, the following commands won't be of much use to you...
Furthermore, if you're concerned about Security, my advice is to NEVER use NetBios on a computer that connects to the Internet.
NBTSTAT.exe Net Bios Stats
Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT
(NetBIOS over TCP/IP).
NBTSTAT [-a RemoteName] [-A IP address] [-c] [-n] [-r] [-R] [-s] [S]
[interval]
-a (adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its
name.
-A (Adapter status) Lists the remote machine's name table given its
IP address.
-c (cache) Lists the remote name cache including the IP
addresses.
-n (names) Lists local NetBIOS names.
-r (resolved) Lists names resolved by broadcast and via WINS
-R (Reload) Purges and reloads the remote cache name table
-S (Sessions) Lists sessions table with the destination IP
addresses.
-s (sessions) Lists sessions table converting destination IP
addresses to host names via the hosts file.
RemoteName Remote host machine name.
IP address Dotted decimal representation of the IP address.
interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds
between each display. Press Ctrl+C to stop redisplaying
statistics.
ROUTE.exe
Manipulates network routing tables.
ROUTE [-f] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway]]
-f Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is
used in conjunction with one of the commands, the tables are
cleared prior to running the command.
command Specifies one of four commands
PRINT Prints a route
ADD Adds a route
DELETE Deletes a route
CHANGE Modifies an existing route
destination Specifies the host to send command.
MASK If the MASK keyword is present, the next parameter is
interpreted as the netmask parameter.
netmask If provided, specifies a sub-net mask value to be associated
with this route entry. If not specified, if defaults to
255.255.255.255.
gateway Specifies gateway.
All symbolic names used for destination or gateway are looked up in the
network and host name database files NETWORKS and HOSTS, respectively.
If the command is print or delete, wildcards may be used for the
destination and gateway, or the gateway argument may be omitted.
ARP.exe Address Resolution Protocol
ARP -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr]
ARP -d inet_addr [if_addr]
ARP -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr]
-a Displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current
protocol data. If inet_addr is specified, the IP and Physical
addresses for only the specified computer are displayed. If
more than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each ARP
table are displayed.
-g (Same as -a)
inet_addr Specifies an internet address.
-N if_addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface
specified by if_addr.
-d Deletes the host specified by inet_addr.
-s Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr
with the Physical address eth_addr. The Physical address is
given as 6 hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The entry
is permanent.
eth_addr Specifies a physical address.
if_addr If present, this specifies the Internet address of the
interface whose address translation table should be
modified. If not present, the first applicable interface
will be used.
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