Ping Functions

Ping options:

example .. In DOS .. c:>ping 192.168.0.1 -t

-t Ping the specifed host until interrupted

-a Resolve addresses to hostnames

-n count Number of echo requests to send

-l size Send buffer size

-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet

-i TTL Time To Live

-v TOS Type Of Service

-r count Record route for count hops

-s count Timestamp for count hops

-j host-list Loose source route along host-list

-k host-list Strict source route along host-list

-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply

Experiment to see how helpful these can be!

keyboard Shortcuts

Accessibility

• Right Shift for eight seconds: Toggle FilterKeys on and off. FilterKeys must be enabled.

• Left Alt + Left Shift + PrintScreen: Toggle High Contrast on and off. High Contrast must be enabled.

• Left Alt + Left Shift + NumLock: Toggle MouseKeys on and off. MouseKeys must be enabled.

• NumLock for five seconds: Toggle ToggleKeys on and off. ToggleKeys must be enabled.

• Shift five times: Toggle StickyKeys on and off. StickyKeys must be enabled.

• 6.) Microsoft Natural Keyboard with IntelliType Software Installed

• Win + L: Log off Windows.

• Win + P: Open Print Manager.

• Win + C: Open control panel.

• Win + V: Open clipboard.

• Win + K: Open keyboard properties.

• Win + I: Open mouse properties.

• Win + A: Open Accessibility properties.

• Win + Space: Displays the list of Microsoft IntelliType shortcut keys.

• Win + S: Toggle CapsLock on and off.

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

• Ctrl + Alt + End: Open the NT Security dialog.

• Alt + PageUp: Switch between programs.

• Alt + PageDown: Switch between programs in reverse.

• Alt + Insert: Cycle through the programs in most recently used order.

• Alt + Home: Display start menu.

• Ctrl + Alt + Break: Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen.

• Alt + Delete: Display the Windows menu.

• Ctrl + Alt + NumpadMinus: Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing Alt + PrintScreen on a local computer.

• Ctrl + Alt + NumpadPlus: Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PrintScreen on a local computer.

Mozilla Firefox Shortcuts

• Ctrl + Tab or Ctrl + PageDown: Cycle through tabs.

• Ctrl + Shift + Tab or Ctrl + PageUp: Cycle through tabs in reverse.

• Ctrl + (1-9): Switch to tab corresponding to number.

• Ctrl + N: New window.

• Ctrl + T: New tab.

• Ctrl + L or Alt + D or F6: Switch focus to location bar.

• Ctrl + Enter: Open location in new tab.

• Shift + Enter: Open location in new window.

• Ctrl + K or Ctrl + E: Switch focus to search bar.

• Ctrl + O: Open a local file.

• Ctrl + W: Close tab, or window if there's only one tab open.

• Ctrl + Shift + W: Close window.

• Ctrl + S: Save page as a local file.

• Ctrl + P: Print page.

• Ctrl + F or F3: Open find toolbar.

• Ctrl + G or F3: Find next...

• Ctrl + Shift + G or Shift + F3: Find previous...

• Ctrl + B or Ctrl + I: Open Bookmarks sidebar.

• Ctrl + H: Open History sidebar.

• Escape: Stop loading page.

• Ctrl + R or F5: Reload current page.

• Ctrl + Shift + R or Ctrl + F5: Reload current page; bypass cache.

• Ctrl + U: View page source.

• Ctrl + D: Bookmark current page.

• Ctrl + NumpadPlus or Ctrl + Equals (+/=): Increase text size.

• Ctrl + NumpadMinus or Ctrl + Minus: Decrease text size.

• Ctrl + Numpad0 or Ctrl + 0: Set text size to default.

• Alt + Left or Backspace: Back.

• Alt + Right or Shift + Backspace: Forward.

• Alt + Home: Open home page.

• Ctrl + M: Open new message in integrated mail client.

• Ctrl + J: Open Downloads dialog.

• F6: Switch to next frame. You must have selected something on the page already, e.g. by use of Tab.

• Shift + F6: Switch to previous frame.

• Apostrophe ('): Find link as you type.

• Slash (/): Find text as you type.

Gmail Shortcuts

• Note: Must have "keyboard shortcuts" on in settings.

• C: Compose new message.

• Shift + C: Open new window to compose new message.

• Slash (/): Switch focus to search box.

• K: Switch focus to the next most recent email. Enter or "O" opens focused email.

• J: Switch focus to the next oldest email.

• N: Switch focus to the next message in the "conversation." Enter or "O" expands/collapses messages.

• P: Switch focus to the previous message.

• U: Takes you back to the inbox and checks for new mail.

• Y: Various actions depending on current view:

• Has no effect in "Sent" and "All Mail" views.

• Inbox: Archive email or message.

• Starred: Unstar email or message.

• Spam: Unmark as spam and move back to "Inbox."

• Trash: Move back to "Inbox."

• Any label: Remove the label.

• X: "Check" an email. Various actions can be performed against all checked emails.

• S: "Star" an email. Identical to the more familiar term, "flagging."

• R: Reply to the email.

• A: Reply to all recipients of the email.

• F: Forward an email.

• Shift + R: Reply to the email in a new window.

• Shift + A: Reply to all recipients of the email in a new window.

• Shift + F: Forward an email in a new window.

• Shift + 1 (!): Mark an email as spam and remove it from the inbox.

• G then I: Switch to "Inbox" view.

• G then S: Switch to "Starred" view.

• G then A: Switch to "All Mail" view.

• G then C: Switch to "Contacts" view.

• G then S: Switch to "Drafts" view.

List of F1-F9 Key Commands for the Command Prompt

• F1 / right arrow: Repeats the letters of the last command line, one by one.

• F2: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to copy up to" of the last command line

• F3: Repeats the last command line

• F4: Displays a dialog asking user to "enter the char to delete up to" of the last command line

• F5: Goes back one command line

• F6: Enters the traditional CTRL+Z (^z)

• F7: Displays a menu with the command line history

• F8: Cycles back through previous command lines (beginning with most recent)

• F9: Displays a dialog asking user to enter a command number, where 0 is for first command line entered.

• Alt+Enter: toggle full Screen mode.

• up/down: scroll thru/repeat previous entries

• Esc: delete line

• Note: The buffer allows a maximum of 50 command lines. After this number is reached, the first line will be replaced in sequence.

Helpful accessibility keyboard shortcuts

• Switch FilterKeys on and off. Right SHIFT for eight seconds

• Switch High Contrast on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN

• Switch MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK

• Switch StickyKeys on and off. SHIFT five times

• Switch ToggleKeys on and off. NUM LOCK for five seconds